From: mTOR signaling in Brown and Beige adipocytes: implications for thermogenesis and obesity
Refs | mTOR related molecules | Mouse model/ exp. condition | Activity of mTOR signaling | Tissue affected | Phenotypes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liu et al.2016 [79] |  | Rapamycin-treated mice (7days) under cold exposure Rapamycin-treated mice (2 days) under cold exposure | mTORC1 inhibited | WAT BAT | Thermogenic gene expression ↓ Thermogenic gene expression ↓ Core body temperature ↓ |
Tran et al.2016 [80] |  | Rapamycin-treated mice (2 weeks) under CL Stimulation (24 hours) | mTORC1 inhibited | WAT | Cold tolerance ↓ Thermogenic gene expression ↓ Beige fat gene expression ↓ |
Makki et al.2014 [81] |  | Diet-induced obese mice with chronic treatment of rapamycin (22 weeks) | mTORC1 inhibited | BAT | Energy expenditure ↑ Oxygen consumption ↑ BAT activity ↑ |
Labbe et al.2016 [71] | Raptor | raptor-/- mice (Adipoq-Cre) under cold exposure (2 weeks) | mTORC1 inhibited | BAT | Systemic oxygen consumption ↓ BAT mass ↓ Nucleotide synthesis ↓ Mitochondrial biogenesis ↓ TCA cycle activity ↓ Thermogenic gene ↓ |
Lee et al. 201 6[72] | Raptor | raptor-/- mice (Adipoq-Cre) with HFD | mTORC1 inhibited | WAT BAT | Expression of Ucp1 in WAT ↑ Expansion of WAT and BAT ↓ No changes on energy expenditure |
Liu et al.2016 [79] | Raptor | raptor-/- mice (Adiponq-Cre) under cold exposure (7 days) | mTORC1 inhibited | WAT BAT | Expression of Ucp1 ↓ Mitochondrial related genes ↓ |
Tran et al.2016 [80] | Raptor | raptor-/- mice (Adiponq-Cre) with CL stimulation (24h hours) | mTORC1 inhibited | WAT | Thermogenic gene ↓ Lipolysis ↓ Adipocyte size ↑ |
Polak et al.2008 [86] | Raptor | raptor-/- mice (aP2-Cre) at thermoneutrality | mTORC1 inhibited | WAT | Oxygen consumption ↑ Ucp1 expression ↑ |
Zhang et al.2018 [87] | Raptor | raptor-/- mice (Adiponectin-Cre) under cold exposure (2 days) | mTORC1 inhibited | WAT BAT | Beige adipogenesis ↑ Thermogenic gene ↑ Thermogenic gene ↓ |
Shan et al.2016 [73] | mTOR | mTOR-/- mice (Adipoq-Cre) with ND | mTORC1 inhibited | WAT BAT | Mass of BAT and WAT ↓ Thermogenic genes in WAT ↑ No changes on energy expenditure |
Um et al.2004 [96] | S6K | S6K1-/- mice (whole body) under ND or HFD | mTORC1 inhibited | Whole body | Lipolysis in WAT ↑ Mitochondria numbers in WAT ↑ Oxidative phosphorylation in WAT ↑ Metabolic related genes in WAT ↑ |
Le Bacquer et al. 2007 [97] | 4EBPs | 4E-BP1/ 2-/- mice (whole body) under ND or HFD | mTORC1hyper-activated | Whole body | Oxygen consumption ↓ Lipolysis in WAT ↓ |
Liu et al.2014 [57] | Grb10 | Grb10-/-mice (Adipoq-Cre) under cold exposure | mTORC1hyper-activated | BAT | Core body temperature ↓ Cold-induced thermogenic genes ↓ |
Rheb | Rheb-/-mice (Adipoq-Cre) under ND or HFD, with or without cold exposure | mTORC1 inhibited | WAT BAT | Lipolysis ↑ Beige adipocytes in WAT ↑ Energy expenditure ↑ Thermogenic gene expression in BAT ↓ | |
Magdalon et al.2016 [100] | TSC1 | TSC1-/- mice (Adipoq-Cre) under ND | mTORC1hyper-activated | WAT | Lipolysis ↑ Ucp1 expression ↑ Mitochondrial oxidative activity ↑ Fatty acid oxidation ↑ PGC-1α and PPARα |
Xiang et al.2015 [101] | TSC1 | TSC1-/- mice (aP2-Cre) under ND | mTORC1hyper-activated | BAT | Brown adipocyte genes ↓ White adipocyte genes ↑ |
Albert et al.2016 [103] | Rictor | rictor-/- mice (aP2-Cre) under cold exposure | mTORC2 inhibited | BAT | Cold tolerance ↓ Glucose uptake ↓ Glycolysis ↓ |
Kumar et al.2010 [104] | Rictor | rictor-/- mice (Ap2-Cre) | mTORC2 inhibited | BAT WAT | Glucose uptake ↓ Glycolysis ↓ |
Hung et al.2014 [107] | Rictor | rictor-/- mice (Myf5-Cre) under cold exposure | mTORC2 inhibited | BAT | Mitochondrial activity ↑ Ucp1 expression ↑ |
Tang et al.2016 [108] | Rictor | rictor -/- mice (Adipoq-Cre) | mTORC2 inhibited | WAT | Lipogenesis ↓ Glucose uptake ↓ |
Sanchez et al.2018 [109] | Akt2 | Akt2-/- mice (Ucp1-Cre) under cold exposure | mTORC2 inhibited | BAT | Lipid synthesis and oxidation ↓ Ucp1 expression ↓ |
Sanchez et al.2019 [110] | Akt1 Akt2 | Akt1and Akt2-/- mice (Ucp1-Cre/Ucp1-CreER/Myf5-Cre) | mTORC2 inhibited | BAT | Lipid droplets in BAT ↓ Ucp1 expression ↓ |