Skip to main content

Table 1 Summary of adipose mTOR signaling on thermogenetic effects in rodents

From: mTOR signaling in Brown and Beige adipocytes: implications for thermogenesis and obesity

Refs

mTOR related molecules

Mouse model/ exp. condition

Activity of mTOR signaling

Tissue affected

Phenotypes

Liu et al.2016 [79]

 

Rapamycin-treated mice (7days) under cold exposure

Rapamycin-treated mice (2 days) under cold exposure

mTORC1

inhibited

WAT

BAT

Thermogenic gene expression ↓

Thermogenic gene expression ↓

Core body temperature ↓

Tran et al.2016 [80]

 

Rapamycin-treated mice (2 weeks) under CL Stimulation (24 hours)

mTORC1 inhibited

WAT

Cold tolerance ↓

Thermogenic gene expression ↓

Beige fat gene expression ↓

Makki et al.2014 [81]

 

Diet-induced obese mice with chronic treatment of rapamycin (22 weeks)

mTORC1 inhibited

BAT

Energy expenditure ↑

Oxygen consumption ↑

BAT activity ↑

Labbe et al.2016 [71]

Raptor

raptor-/- mice (Adipoq-Cre) under cold exposure (2 weeks)

mTORC1 inhibited

BAT

Systemic oxygen consumption ↓

BAT mass ↓

Nucleotide synthesis ↓

Mitochondrial biogenesis ↓

TCA cycle activity ↓

Thermogenic gene ↓

Lee et al. 201 6[72]

Raptor

raptor-/- mice (Adipoq-Cre) with HFD

mTORC1 inhibited

WAT

BAT

Expression of Ucp1 in WAT ↑

Expansion of WAT and BAT ↓

No changes on energy expenditure

Liu et al.2016 [79]

Raptor

raptor-/- mice (Adiponq-Cre) under cold exposure (7 days)

mTORC1 inhibited

WAT

BAT

Expression of Ucp1 ↓

Mitochondrial related genes ↓

Tran et al.2016 [80]

Raptor

raptor-/- mice (Adiponq-Cre) with CL stimulation (24h hours)

mTORC1 inhibited

WAT

Thermogenic gene ↓

Lipolysis ↓

Adipocyte size ↑

Polak et al.2008 [86]

Raptor

raptor-/- mice (aP2-Cre) at thermoneutrality

mTORC1 inhibited

WAT

Oxygen consumption ↑

Ucp1 expression ↑

Zhang et al.2018 [87]

Raptor

raptor-/- mice (Adiponectin-Cre) under cold exposure (2 days)

mTORC1 inhibited

WAT

BAT

Beige adipogenesis ↑

Thermogenic gene ↑

Thermogenic gene ↓

Shan et al.2016 [73]

mTOR

mTOR-/- mice (Adipoq-Cre) with ND

mTORC1 inhibited

WAT

BAT

Mass of BAT and WAT ↓

Thermogenic genes in WAT ↑

No changes on energy expenditure

Um et al.2004 [96]

S6K

S6K1-/- mice (whole body) under ND or HFD

mTORC1 inhibited

Whole body

Lipolysis in WAT ↑

Mitochondria numbers in WAT ↑

Oxidative phosphorylation in WAT ↑

Metabolic related genes in WAT ↑

Le Bacquer et al. 2007 [97]

4EBPs

4E-BP1/ 2-/- mice (whole body) under ND or HFD

mTORC1hyper-activated

Whole body

Oxygen consumption ↓

Lipolysis in WAT ↓

Liu et al.2014 [57]

Grb10

Grb10-/-mice (Adipoq-Cre) under cold exposure

mTORC1hyper-activated

BAT

Core body temperature ↓

Cold-induced thermogenic genes ↓

Meng et al.2017 [98] [99]

Rheb

Rheb-/-mice (Adipoq-Cre) under ND or HFD, with or without cold exposure

mTORC1 inhibited

WAT

BAT

Lipolysis ↑

Beige adipocytes in WAT ↑

Energy expenditure ↑

Thermogenic gene expression in BAT ↓

Magdalon et al.2016 [100]

TSC1

TSC1-/- mice (Adipoq-Cre) under ND

mTORC1hyper-activated

WAT

Lipolysis ↑

Ucp1 expression ↑

Mitochondrial oxidative activity ↑

Fatty acid oxidation ↑

PGC-1α and PPARα

Xiang et al.2015 [101]

TSC1

TSC1-/- mice (aP2-Cre) under ND

mTORC1hyper-activated

BAT

Brown adipocyte genes ↓

White adipocyte genes ↑

Albert et al.2016 [103]

Rictor

rictor-/- mice (aP2-Cre) under cold exposure

mTORC2

inhibited

BAT

Cold tolerance ↓

Glucose uptake ↓

Glycolysis ↓

Kumar et al.2010 [104]

Rictor

rictor-/- mice

(Ap2-Cre)

mTORC2 inhibited

BAT

WAT

Glucose uptake ↓

Glycolysis ↓

Hung et al.2014 [107]

Rictor

rictor-/- mice (Myf5-Cre) under cold exposure

mTORC2 inhibited

BAT

Mitochondrial activity ↑

Ucp1 expression ↑

Tang et al.2016 [108]

Rictor

rictor -/- mice (Adipoq-Cre)

mTORC2 inhibited

WAT

Lipogenesis ↓

Glucose uptake ↓

Sanchez et al.2018 [109]

Akt2

Akt2-/- mice (Ucp1-Cre) under cold exposure

mTORC2 inhibited

BAT

Lipid synthesis and oxidation ↓

Ucp1 expression ↓

Sanchez et al.2019 [110]

Akt1

Akt2

Akt1and Akt2-/- mice (Ucp1-Cre/Ucp1-CreER/Myf5-Cre)

mTORC2 inhibited

BAT

Lipid droplets in BAT ↓

Ucp1 expression ↓

  1. Abbreviations: BAT Brown adipose tissue, CL CL-316243, Grb10 Growth factor receptor-bound protein 10, HFD High fat diet, ND Normal diet, Raptor Regulatory associated protein of mTOR, Rheb Ras homolog enriched in brain, Rictor Raptor-independent companion of mTOR, S6K Ribosomal S6 kinase, TSC1 Tuberous sclerosis complex 1, WAT White adipose tissue, 4E-BPs Eif4e-binding proteins
  2. Note: ↑ increased; ↓ decreased