Table 1 The characteristics of subjects according to subcutaneous and visceral fat mass

Age (years)

49.6 ± 7.2^b

49.9 ± 8.9^b

54.4 ± 8.5^a

54.3 ± 4.7^a+++

Gender (male, %)

456(38.3)

2924 (67.2)

208 (20.5)

595 (26.0)^***

Residence area (Rural %)

94.5

52.3

67.8

23.7^***

 Little (< 10 min/day)

62.6

44.8

59.6

40.7^***

 Moderate (10–60 min/day)

33.8

34.3

28.1

31.9

 Many (≥60 min/day)

3.58

20.9

12.3

27.5

 None to Little (< 20 g/day)

87.5

78.2

89.9

90.2^***

 Moderate to heavy (≥20 g/day)

12.5

21.8

10.1

9.79

 Little (< 1 cup/week)

19.5

23.9

23.4

31.5^***

 Moderate (1–10 cups/week)

77.5

70.8

71.8

63.1

 Heavy (> 10 cups/week)

3.0

5.3

4.8

5.4

 No smoking

69.5

42.6

79.7

75.4^***

 Past smoking

13.4

20.6

8.74

10.0

 Smoking

17.1

36.8

11.5

14.6

 Energy intake (Kcal/day)

1878 ± 594^b

1888 ± 605^ab

1918 ± 694^ab

1966 ± 858^a+

 Carbohydrate intake (En%)

70.5 ± 5.7^b

70.8 ± 7.0^ab

70.2 ± 7.1^b

71.2 ± 7.1^a**

 Protein intake (En%)

13.8 ± 4.4^ab

13.6 ± 5.4^b

14.0 ± 5.5^a

13.6 ± 5.5^b***

 Fat intake (En%)

14.8 ± 2.0^ab

14.6 ± 2.4^ab

15.1 ± 2.5^a

14.5 ± 2.5^b**