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Table 2 Adjusted means and standard deviations of anthropometric and metabolic parameters according to the subcutaneous and visceral fat masses1

From: Subcutaneous fat mass is associated with genetic risk scores related to proinflammatory cytokine signaling and interact with physical activity in middle-aged obese adults

 

HS-LV (n = 1190)

LS-LV (n = 4349)

HS-HV (n = 1016)

LS-HV (n = 2287)

Body mass index (kg/m2)

24.3 ± 2.0c

22.8 ± 2.4d

28.1 ± 2.7a

27.0 ± 2.7b***+++

Body fat (%)

27.8 ± 5.1a

26.6 ± 5.8b

27.3 ± 5.2a

27.3 ± 5.5a***

Waist circumference (cm)

80.0 ± 6.3b

79.4 ± 6.7b

86.5 ± 6.8a

87.4 ± 6.1a+++

Subcutaneous fat in subscapular site (mm)

34.2 ± 5.8b

20.6 ± 6.2c

36.5 ± 6.4a

20.3 ± 5.9c***

Subcutaneous fat in suprailiac site (mm)

29.8 ± 11.5a

24.2 ± 9.0c

30.5 ± 14a

26.1 ± 9.4b***++

Serum total cholesterol (C) (mg/dl)

195.1 ± 35.5a

189.4 ± 35.1b

199.8 ± 37.8a

197.6 ± 35.5a+

Serum LDL-C (mg/dl)

118.3 ± 32.7a

113.6 ± 33.5b

119.8 ± 34.0a

118.9 ± 33.5a+

Serum HDL-C (mg/dl)

44.0 ± 9.7b

46.5 ± 10.6a

44.0 ± 9.1b

43.6 ± 9.2b+

Serum TG (mg/dl)

163.4 ± 87.9b

141.5 ± 103.6c

180.2 ± 115.8a

175.2 ± 109.7a++

DBP (mmHg)

74.1 ± 11.7ab

73.9 ± 11.3b

75.4 ± 11.7a

75.2 ± 11.1a++

SBP (mmHg)

115.7 ± 16.4b

115.6 ± 17.5b

117.9 ± 18.3a

117.0 ± 18.7ab+

HbA1c (%)

5.8 ± 0.9b

5.7 ± 0.9c

6.0 ± 1.1a

5.8 ± 1.0b+++

Plasma glucose (mg/dl)

88.3 ± 22.7b

86.5 ± 20.7b

92.1 ± 23.0a

89.8 ± 21.9a++

Serum insulin (μIU/mL)

7.05 ± 3.27b

6.51 ± 3.87b

9.46 ± 5.12a

8.88 ± 5.89a+++

HOMA-IR

1.63 ± 0.9b

1.55 ± 1.0b

1.83 ± 1.3a

1.78 ± 0.8a+++

HOMA-B

149.7 ± 124.2

148.5 ± 144.8

143.4 ± 135.2

152.2 ± 167.4

Serum CRP-1 (mg/dL)

0.21 ± 0.35b

0.23 ± 0.46ab

0.23 ± 0.28ab

0.27 ± 0.54a*+

  1. Subjects were categorized into 4 groups according to subcutaneous fat (cutoff point: 1.2 of the ratio of subcutaneous fat in subscapular site and BMI) and visceral fat (cutoff point: men, 90 cm and women, 80 cm of waist circumferences). HS-LV high subcutaneous fat and low visceral fat, LS-LV low subcutaneous fat and low visceral fat, HS-HV high subcutaneous fat and high visceral fat, LS-HV low subcutaneous fat and high visceral fat, TG triglyceride, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c Hemoglobin A1c, CRP C-reactive protein, HOMA Homeostasis model assessment, IR insulin resistance, B insulin secretion
  2. 1Adjusted for age, gender, residence area, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat, alcohol and coffee intake, physical activity, smoking status, and energy intake
  3. *Significant differences by subcutaneous fat measured at the subscapular site in two-way ANOVA at P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001
  4. +Significant difference by visceral fat by estimated by waist circumference in two-way ANOVA at P < 0.05, ++ at P < 0.01, +++ P < 0.001
  5. a,b,cMeans without a common letter differ in the same row at P < 0.05