Fig. 6

Effects of curcumin on hepatic TNF-α and IL-1β expression in HFD-fed ApoE^−/− mice. ApoE^−/− mice were fed a normal diet, high-fat diet and high-fat diet supplemented with 0.1% curcumin (w/w) for 16 weeks. (a) Hepatic TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR as described in the Materials and Methods. Expression values were normalized to housekeeping gene GAPDH. Results are mean ± SEM (n = 10 per group). ^#P < 0.05 versus control group, ^*P < 0.05 versus HF group. (b) The plasma TNF-α and IL-1β levels were measured by ELISA. Results are mean ± SEM (n = 10 per group). ^#P < 0.05 versus control group, ^*P < 0.05 versus HF group. Control, normal diet; HF, high-fat diet; HF + Curcumin, high-fat diet supplemented with curcumin