The association of dietary macronutrients with anthropometric changes, using iso-energetic substitution models: Tehran lipid and glucose study

Hosseini-Esfahani, Firoozeh; Koochakpoor, Glareh; Mirmiran, Parvin; Ebrahimof, Samira; Azizi, Fereidoun

doi:10.1186/s12986-019-0411-2

Table 2 Adjusted weight change for iso-energetic replacement of macronutrients

From: The association of dietary macronutrients with anthropometric changes, using iso-energetic substitution models: Tehran lipid and glucose study

Type of macronutrient Substitution	All		Men		Women
Type of macronutrient Substitution	β	P-value	β	P-value	β	P-value
Carbohydrate ↑
Fat ↓	0.00	0.96	−0.03	0.04	0.01	0.65
Protein ↓	−0.01	0.57	−0.04	0.25	0.01	0.71
Carbohydrate ↑
SFA ↓	−0.01	0.47	−0.06	0.02	0.01	0.65
MUFA ↓	−0.03	0.11	−0.06	0.02	−0.00	0.90
PUFA ↓	−0.02	0.24	−0.05	0.03	0.01	0.62
Protein ↓	−0.03	0.10	− 0.03	0.14	− 0.00	0.92
Carbohydrate ↑
Fat ↓	− 0.01	0.68	− 0.02	0.33	0.01	0.52
Plant Protein ↓	−0.02	0.47	−0.03	0.22	0.01	0.72
Animal Protein ↓	−0.02	0.46	−0.04	0.25	0.01	0.73
Carbohydrate ↑
SFA ↓	−0.01	0.56	−0.02	0.47	0.01	0.68
MUFA ↓	−0.03	0.14	−0.05	0.07	−0.00	0.95
PUFA ↓	−0.02	0.33	−0.04	0.11	0.01	0.51
Plant Protein ↓	−0.03	0.10	−0.06	0. 17	−0.00	0.92
Animal Protein ↓	−0.03	0.01	−0.04	0. 86	−0.00	0.92
Plant protein ↑
Animal protein ↓	0.01	0.46	−0.04	0.04	0.01	0.46
Carbohydrate ↓	−0.08	0.37	−0.04	0.03	−0.01	0.69
Fat ↓	−0.07	0.43	−0.04	0.04	−0.09	0.62
Plant protein ↑
Animal protein ↓	−0.69	0.05	−0.08	0.01	0.03	0.96
Starch ↓	−0.17	0.12	−0.05	0.03	−0.18	0.39
Non-starch ↓	−0.72	0.04	−0.08	0.00	−0.00	0.10
Fat ↓	−0.71	0.04	−0.08	0.01	0.03	0.96
Plant protein ↑
Animal protein ↓	0.01	0.52	−0.05	0.02	0.01	0.57
Carbohydrate ↓	−0.11	0.23	−0.06	0.00	−0.05	0.77
SFA ↓	−0.06	0.52	−0.04	0.04	−0.03	0.86
MUFA ↓	−0.08	0.37	−0.05	0.02	−0.06	0.74
PUFA ↓	−0.09	0.30	−0.05	0.01	−0.11	0.54
Plant protein ↑
Animal protein ↓	−0.84	0.02	−0.11	0.00	0.14	0.84
Starch ↓	−0.20	0.07	−0.06	0.00	−0.15	0.49
Non-starch ↓	−0.86	0.02	−0.11	0.00	0.11	0.87
SFA ↓	−0.76	0.03	−0.10	0.00	0.17	0.79
MUFA ↓	−0.76	0.03	−0.093	0.01	0.06	0.93
PUFA ↓	−0.86	0.02	−0.11	0.00	−0.00	0.99

SFA Saturated fatty acid, MUFA Mono-unsaturated fatty acids, PUFA Poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Non-starch carbohydrates: simple sugars. The percentage of energy from macronutrients divides by 5 to calculate one unit of each macronutrient. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate weight change for the iso-energetic increase (↑) of 1unit of percentage of energy from one macronutrient at the expense of another (↓). Models were adjusted for baseline age (continuous), sex (except sex strata), physical activity (low, moderate and high), smoking (former and current smoker/never smoked), education le vel (> 12 and ≤ 12 years of education), baseline BMI and energy intake

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ISSN: 1743-7075

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