Fig. 2

The effect of NO₃ and other bioactive compounds within beetroot juice on regulation of insulin and glucose homeostasis; NO enhanced the B-cells viability and pancreatic blood flow, which in turn increases the insulin secretion. It also increases the Glut- 4 gene expression and translocation from cytosol to membrane in the adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. This enhancement, along with the activation of AMPK signaling, improves the insulin sensitivity. Reduced carbohydrate digestion and intestinal glucose absorption suppresses the postprandial glucose response as well. The amelioration of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, along with the suppression of postprandial glucose response, correspondingly, regulates the insulin and glucose homeostasis. NO Nitric Oxide, AMPK Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase