Table 2 The significant variations in serum metabolite indexes before- and after-marathon groups

Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism

L-Threonate(983)

1.5382 ± 0.2986

2.1988 ± 0.3328

5.79 × 10^− 8

myo-Inositol(2148)

0.4216 ± 0.1516

0.7572 ± 0.2611

5.08 × 10^− 5

D-galacturonic acid(2578)

0.09 95 ± 0.0190

0.1950 ± 0.0649

7.66 × 10⁻⁶

L-Arabinono-1,4-lactone(6329)

0.1846 ± 0.0616

0.3516 ± 0.1631

0.0005

Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism

Glyceric acid(378)

0.2275 ± 0.0437

0.3689 ± 0.0944

5.69 × 10⁻⁶

Mesaconic acid(812)

0.0475 ± 0.0082

0.0759 ± 0.0133

1.47 × 10^− 6

L-Malic acid(927)

0.0756 ± 0.0221

0.1285 ± 0.0408

4.22 × 10^− 5

cis-Aconitate(1987)

0.0242 ± 0.004

0.0399 ± 0.0078

4.56 × 10^− 8

Phenylalanine metabolism

trans-cinnamate(1311)

0.2978 ± 0.0600

0.4957 ± 0.1099

3.41 × 10^− 7

Vanillin(1396)

0.1815 ± 0.1291

0.3046 ± 0.0986

0.0018

4-Hydroxycinnamic acid(1726)

0.2163 ± 0.0796

0.3401 ± 0.1022

9.07 × 10^− 5

Carbon metabolism

Glyceric acid(378)

0.2275 ± 0.0437

0.3689 ± 0.0944

5.70 × 10⁻⁶

Mesaconic acid(812)

0.0475 ± 0.0082

0.0759 ± 0.0133

1.47 × 10⁻⁸

L-Malic acid(927)

0.0756 ± 0.0221

0.1285 ± 0.0408

4.22 × 10^− 5

ABC transporters

myo-Inositol(2148)

0.4216 ± 0.1516

0.7572 ± 0.2611

5.08 × 10⁻⁵

D-Sorbitol(2225)

0.4259 ± 0.0923

0.2469 ± 0.0530

9.56 × 10⁻⁸

D-galacturonic acid(2578)

0.0995 ± 0.0190

0.1950 ± 0.0649

7.66 × 10^− 6

D-Biotin(5747)

1.4304 ± 0.3142

0.8752 ± 0.1676

0.0007

Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)

Pyruvate(182)

0.3757 ± 0.1574

0.8178 ± 0.4326

0.0005

L-Malic acid(927)

0.0756 ± 0.0221

0.1285 ± 0.0408

4.22 × 10⁻⁵

cis-Aconitate(1987)

0.0242 ± 0.004

0.0399 ± 0.0078

4.56 × 10⁻⁶

Pentose and glucuronate interconversions

Ribitol(1400)

0.0573 ± 0.0158

0.0819 ± 0.0152

1.09 × 10⁻⁵

D-galacturonic acid(2578)

0.0995 ± 0.0190

0.1950 ± 0.0649

7.66 × 10⁻⁶

Galactose metabolism

myo-Inositol(2148)

0.4216 ± 0.1516

0.7572 ± 0.2611

5.08 × 10⁻⁵

D-Sorbitol(2225)

0.2469 ± 0.0530

0.4259 ± 0.0923

9.56 × 10⁻⁸

Galactonic acid(2637)

0.1232 ± 0.0333

0.1895 ± 0.0447

3.05 × 10⁻⁶

Alanine aspartate and glutamate metabolism

L-Asparagine(879)

0.1203 ± 0.0102

0.0974 ± 0.0114

4.27 × 10⁻⁸

N-Acetylaspartylglutamate(6623)

0.0052 ± 0.0009

0.0075 ± 0.0011

3.18 × 10⁻⁹

Amino sugar and nucleotide suger metabolism

D-galacturonic acid(2578)

0.0995 ± 0.0190

0.1950 ± 0.0649

7.66 × 10⁻⁶

Glucosamine(2809)

0.1950 ± 0.0319

0.1284 ± 0.0208

2.68 × 10⁻⁹

N-Acetylmannosamine(2874)

0.0279 ± 0.0024

0.0341 ± 0.0048

3.45 × 10⁻⁵

2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism

cis-Aconitate(1987)

0.0242 ± 0.004

0.0399 ± 0.0078

4.56 × 10⁻⁸

N-Acetyl-L-glutamate(2440)

0.0158 ± 0.0025

0.0206 ± 0.0033

3.50 × 10⁻⁶

Central carbon metabolism in cancer

L-Asparagine(879)

0.1203 ± 0.0102

0.0974 ± 0.0114

4.27 × 10⁻⁸

L-Malic acid(927)

0.0756 ± 0.0221

0.1285 ± 0.0408

4.22 × 10⁻⁵

Pentose phosphate pathway

Pyruvate(182)

0.3757 ± 0.1574

0.8178 ± 0.4326

0.0005

Glyceric acid(378)

0.2275 ± 0.0437

0.3689 ± 0.0944

5.70 × 10⁻⁶

Pyrimidine metabolism

Beta-Alanine(2102)

0.1499 ± 0.0676

0.2418 ± 0.0799

0.0003

Cytidine5’-monophosphate(7878)

0.0597 ± 0.0470

0.1394 ± 0.0870

0.0018

Purine metabolism

Adenine(949)

0.0192 ± 0.0060

0.0347 ± 0.0087

4.22 × 10⁻⁵

Hypoxanthine(984)

1.0917 ± 0.2040

1.7128 ± 0.6085

0.0005

L-Glutamine(1262)

3.7482 ± 0.5189

3.4252 ± 0.4635

0.0029

Inosine(5198)

0.4593 ± 0.3814

0.2995 ± 0.1637

9.31 × 10^− 5

Caffeine metabolism

Theophylline(2152)

0.5386 ± 0.5401

1.0722 ± 0.7971

0.0041

Theobromine(2187)

0.0432 ± 0.0463

0.0544 ± 0.0465

0.0025

Steroid hormone biosynthesis

Hydrocortisone (10493)

0.0927 ± 0.0441

0.1241 ± 0.0279

0.0017

Phenylalanine metabolism

4-Hydroxycinnamic acid(1726)

0.2163 ± 0.0796

0.3401 ± 0.1022

9.07 × 10⁻⁵

L-Tyrosine(2870)

0.0172 ± 0.0038

0.0198 ± 0.0031

0.0001