Fig. 4

AA abundances for 11 FAO terms and some common foods for AA restriction strategies. AAs are represented by single-letter codes as Fig. 2. a. The heatmap for ~ 300 foods in 11 FAO terms. The green represented low abundances of AAs while the red represented the enrichment of AAs. The AA heatmap demonstrates that some FAO terms almost all contain low level of protein, including starch roots and tubers, vegetables or fruit. b. Common foods chosen in those FAO terms low in protein. These foods (not a full list) low in protein are carded and recommended as samples for AA restriction strategies. QPM (maize opaque-2) is not a recommendation for AA restriction, but used as a reference for AA abundances. Normal maize used as feedstuffs from Philippines, China and USA are all low in lysine which abundance is about one-sixth of the value in QPM, and tryptophan abundance in normal maize is about half of the value in QPM. The listed starch roots and tubers, vegetables and fruit are all good fit for AA restriction strategies, especially mushrooms like immunonutrition