Table 1 Characteristics of study adolescents and their parents recruited from three southern states of Peninsular Malaysia
| Characteristics | n (%) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Male (n = 300) |
Female (n = 633) | Total | ||
| School location | ||||
| Urban | 147 (49.0) | 287 (45.3) | 434 (46.5) | 0.29 |
| Rural | 153 (51.0) | 346 (54.7) | 499 (53.5) | |
| School size | ||||
| Small (≤100 students) | 19 (6.3) | 39 (6.2) | 58 (6.2) | 0.93 |
| Medium (101–199 students) | 109 (36.3) | 238 (37.6) | 347 (37.2) | |
| Large (≥200 students) | 172 (57.3) | 356 (56.2) | 528 (56.6) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Malay | 262 (87.3) | 552 (87.2) | 814 (87.2) | 0.95 |
| Chinese | 21 (7.0) | 42 (6.6) | 63 (6.8) | |
| Indian | 14 (4.7) | 30 (4.7) | 44 (4.7) | |
| Others | 3 (1.0) | 9 (1.4) | 12 (1.3) | |
| Parental Income, n = 599a | ||||
| Below median | 159 (88.3) | 372 (88.8) | 531 (88.6) | 0.89 |
| Above median | 21 (11.7) | 47 (11.2) | 68 (11.4) | |
| Educational level of mother, n = 818 | ||||
| No formal education/Primary | 23 (9.5) | 68 (11.8) | 91 (11.1) | 0.58 |
| Secondary school | 179 (74.3) | 425 (73.7) | 604 (73.8) | |
| Higher institution | 39 (16.2) | 84 (14.6) | 123 (15.0) | |
| Physical activity total score, n = 793 | 2.77 (±0.72) | 2.40 (±0.57) | 2.52 (±0.64) | < 0.001 |
| ‘High sugar, high fibre, high DED and low fat’ DP z-score, n = 583 | −0.15 (±1.14) | 0.06 (±1.40) | 0.00 (±1.33) | 0.08 |