Table 3 Unadjusted associations [odds ratio (95% CI)] between ‘high sugar, high fibre, high energy density and low fat’ DP z-scores and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents aged 13 years recruited from three southern states of Peninsular Malaysia
Cardiometabolic risk factors | Male | Female | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2nd tertile vs 1st tertile | 3rd tertile vs 1st tertile | 2nd tertile vs 1st tertile | 3rd tertile vs 1st tertile | 2nd tertile vs 1st tertile | 3rd tertile vs 1st tertile | |
Overweight/Obese, n = 582 | 0.9 (0.4,1.9) | 0.7 (0.3,1.6) | 0.9 (0.5,1.5) | 0.8 (0.5,1.4) | 0.9 (0.6,1.4) | 0.8 (0.5,1.2) |
Abdominal Obesity, n = 581 | 0.8 (0.3,2.7) | 1.5 (0.5,4.5) | 0.9 (0.5,1.9) | 0.4 (0.19,1.0) | 0.9(0.5,1.7) | 0.7(0.4,1.3) |
Dyslipidaemia, n = 336 | 0.7 (0.1,3.9) | 2.9 (0.8,10.9) | 1.9 (0.9,3.9) | 2.0 (0.9,4.2) | 1.7 (0.9,3.3) | 2.3* (1.2,4.3) |
Elevated blood glucose (≥5.60 mmol/L), n = 336 | 4.5 (0.4,45.7) | 8.1 (0.9,73.8) | 0.0 (0.0,0.0) | 0.9 (0.2,3.8) | 0.6 (0.1,2.5) | 2.0 (0.6,6.1) |
Elevated total cholesterol (≥5.20 mmol/L), n = 336 | 0.7 (0.1,3.9) | 2.9 (0.8,10.9) | 1.9 (0.9,3.9) | 2.0 (0.9,4.2) | 1.7 (0.9,3.3) | 2.3* (1.2,4.3) |
Lower HDL-cholesterol level (≤1.03 mmol/L), n = 336 | 0.7 (0.1,7.9) | 3.0 (0.5,17.9) | 0.3 (0.1,1.8) | 0.5 (0.1,2.3) | 0.4 (0.1,1.7) | 1.0 (0.4,3.1) |
Elevated LDL-cholesterol (≥4.12 mmol/L), n = 336 | 1.2 (0.4,3.1) | 2.1 (0.8,5.4) | 1.6 (0.9,3.1) | 1.6 (0.8,3.0) | 1.6 (0.9,2.6) | 1.8* (1.0,3.0) |
Elevated triglycerides (≥1.70 mmol/L), n = 336 | 0.7 (0.1,7.9) | 0.7 (0.1,7.9) | 2.7 (0.3,26.6) | 4.9 (0.6,42.7) | 1.4 (0.3,6.2) | 2.2 (0.5,8.8) |
Elevated serum insulin (≥25.0 uIU/mL), n = 336 | 1.4 (0.2,10.6) | 4.0 (0.7,22.1) | 0.6 (0.2,2.0) | 0.6 (0.2,2.1) | 0.8(0.8,2.1) | 1.2 (0.5,3.0) |
Abnormal HOMA-IR level (≥4.0 unit), n = 336 | 2.4 (0.7,22.1) | 4.1* (1.1,14.8) | 1.2 (0.6,2.5) | 0.9 (0.4,1.9) | 1.5 (0.8,2.8) | 1.4 (0.7,2.6) |