|
25(OH)D status
|
40.1 ± 16.7
|
63.2 ± 13.0
|
32.6 ± 9.1
|
|
Sociodemographic characteristics
|
|
Maternal age(years)
|
29.3 ± 4.2
|
29.2 ± 4.1
|
29.3 ± 4.2
|
|
Maternal education(< 9 years)
|
974(39.3)
|
212(35.1)
|
675(36.0)
|
|
Maternal income(< 4000 RMB yuan/month)
|
1657(66.8)
|
403(66.7)
|
1254(66.9)
|
|
Entered in summer or autumn
|
1280(51.6)
|
257(42.5)
|
942(50.2)*
|
|
Perinatal health status
|
|
Pre-pregnancy BMI(kg/m2)
|
21.2 ± 2.8
|
21.0 ± 2.7
|
21.3 ± 2.8*
|
|
BMI(kg/m2)
|
24.2 ± 2.9
|
23.8 ± 2.7
|
24.3 ± 2.9*
|
|
Systolic blood pressure(mmHg)
|
109.8 ± 9.5
|
109.5 ± 9.9
|
109.9 ± 9.4
|
|
Diastolic blood pressure(mmHg)
|
68.7 ± 7.6
|
68.6 ± 8.8
|
68.7 ± 7.3
|
|
Blood glucose
|
4.6 ± 0.4
|
4.6 ± 0.4
|
4.6 ± 0.4
|
|
Multipara
|
1049(42.3)
|
264(43.7)
|
785(41.9)
|
|
Diet and Lifestyle
|
|
Sedentary time(≥4 h/day)
|
1773(71.5)
|
409(67.7)
|
511(27.3)*
|
|
Physical activities(<3 days/week)
|
1453(58.6)
|
351(58.1)
|
1102(58.8)
|
|
Paternal alcohol consumption(no times/week)
|
1647(66.4)
|
409(67.7)
|
1238(66.0)
|
|
Paternal smoking(≤6 cigarettes/day)
|
1980(79.9)
|
481(79.6)
|
1499(79.9)
|
|
fish oil supplement(≤3 times/week)
|
2420(97.6)
|
573(94.9)
|
1874(98.5)*
|
|
multivitamin supplement(≤3 times/week)
|
2264(91.3)
|
495(82.0)
|
1769(94.3)*
|
|
Milk intake(≥3 times/week)
|
1417(57.2)
|
375(62.1)
|
1042(55.6)*
|
|
Soy product intake(≥3 times/week)
|
1146(46.2)
|
293(48.5)
|
853(45.5)
|
|
Dessert intake(≥3 times/week)
|
442(17.8)
|
88(14.6)
|
354(18.9)*
|
|
Laboratory testing indicators
|
|
Hs-CRP(mg/L)
|
3.0 ± 2.1
|
2.7 ± 1.8
|
3.1 ± 2.1
|
|
TC(mmol/L)
|
6.0 ± 1.0
|
5.8 ± 1.0
|
6.0 ± 1.0
|
|
TG(mmol/L)
|
2.6 ± 1.0
|
2.5 ± 1.0
|
2.6 ± 1.0
|
|
HDL-C(mmol/L)
|
2.0 ± 0.4
|
2.0 ± 0.3
|
2.0 ± 0.4
|
|
LDL-C(mmol/L)
|
2.8 ± 0.7
|
2.8 ± 0.7
|
2.9 ± 0.7
|
