Table 2 Odds of acute coronary syndrome by circulating concentration of choline pathway metabolites
Variable | Odds Ratio (95% CI) for Quartiles of Metabolites Concentration | P for trend | Odds Ratio (95% CI) per 1-SD increment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
Betaine | ||||||
 No. of controls | 62 | 62 | 61 | 62 | … | … |
 No. of cases | 59 | 45 | 53 | 97 | … | … |
 Model 1 a | Ref. | 0.69 (0.40–1.18) | 0.84 (0.50–1.43) | 1.43 (0.87–2.34) | 0.07 | 1.11(0.93–1.33) |
 Model 2 b | Ref. | 0.62 (0.35–1.07) | 0.76 (0.44–1.31) | 1.43 (0.87–2.36) | 0.07 | 1.12(0.93–1.35) |
 Model 3 c | Ref. | 0.63 (0.36–1.09) | 0.78 (0.45–1.34) | 1.41 (0.85–2.34) | 0.08 | 1.12(0.93–1.34) |
Choline | ||||||
 No. of controls | 62 | 62 | 61 | 62 | … | … |
 No. of cases | 35 | 28 | 27 | 164 | … | … |
 Model 1 a | Ref. | 0.82 (0.44–1.53) | 0.70 (0.37–1.31) | 4.36 (2.61–7.38) | < 0.001 | 1.85(1.52–2.28) |
 Model 2 b | Ref. | 0.79 (0.42–1.47) | 0.58 (0.30–1.11) | 3.91 (2.33–6.65) | < 0.001 | 1.79(1.47–2.21) |
 Model 3 c | Ref. | 0.73 (0.39–1.39) | 0.55 (0.29–1.06) | 3.72 (2.21–6.34) | < 0.001 | 1.77(1.44–2.18) |
TMA | ||||||
 No. of controls | 62 | 62 | 61 | 62 | … | … |
 No. of cases | 70 | 49 | 59 | 76 | … | … |
 Model 1 a | Ref. | 1.41 (0.85–2.34) | 0.94 (0.56–1.58) | 0.67 (0.39–1.15) | 0.02 | 1.11(0.92–1.34) |
 Model 2 b | Ref. | 1.53 (0.92–2.57) | 1.09 (0.64–1.85) | 0.76 (0.44–1.32) | 0.07 | 1.05(0.87–1.27) |
 Model 3 c | Ref. | 1.71 (1.01–2.91) | 1.26 (0.73–2.17) | 0.80 (0.46–1.40) | 0.09 | 1.10(0.90–1.33) |
TMAO | ||||||
 No. of controls | 62 | 62 | 61 | 62 | … | … |
 No. of cases | 85 | 62 | 42 | 65 | … | … |
 Model 1 a | Ref. | 0.79 (0.47–1.35) | 0.95 (0.57–1.60) | 1.25 (0.75–2.08) | 0.37 | 0.87(0.72–1.05) |
 Model 2 b | Ref. | 0.70 (0.40–1.20) | 0.91 (0.54–1.53) | 1.01 (0.60–1.70) | 0.76 | 0.84(0.69–1.02) |
 Model 3 c | Ref. | 0.71 (0.41–1.23) | 0.94 (0.56–1.59) | 1.09 (0.64–1.85) | 0.56 | 0.80(0.65–0.97) |
Metabolite Score | ||||||
 No. of controls | 62 | 62 | 61 | 62 | … | … |
 No. of cases | 41 | 26 | 59 | 128 | … | … |
 Model 1 a | Ref. | 1.10(0.60–2.03) | 1.65(0.93–2.97) | 3.65(2.14–6.32) | < 0.001 | 1.96(1.49–2.59) |
 Model 2 b | Ref. | 1.00(0.54–1.86) | 1.39(0.77–2.52) | 3.26(1.90–5.67) | < 0.001 | 1.85(1.40–2.45) |
 Model 3 c | Ref. | 1.00(0.54–1.86) | 1.35(0.75–2.46) | 3.18(1.85–5.54) | < 0.001 | 1.80(1.37–2.40) |
Betaine/choline ratio | ||||||
 No. of controls | 62 | 62 | 61 | 62 | … | … |
 No. of cases | 160 | 39 | 24 | 31 | … | … |
 Model 1 a | Ref. | 0.23(0.14–0.39) | 0.16(0.09–0.29) | 0.19(0.11–0.31) | < 0.001 | 0.46(0.37–0.57) |
 Model 2 b | Ref. | 0.24(0.14–0.39) | 0.17(0.09–0.30) | 0.20(0.12–0.35) | < 0.001 | 0.48(0.39–0.59) |
 Model 3 c | Ref. | 0.24(0.14–0.41) | 0.17(0.09–0.30) | 0.21(0.12–0.36) | < 0.001 | 0.49(0.39–0.60) |