Effects of resistance training on serum 25(OH) D concentrations in young men: a randomized controlled trial

Nutrition & Metabolism

Table 2 Characteristics of the participants at baseline, midpoint and endpoint

Variable	Resistance training (RT) group (n = 9)			Non-exercise control (CON) group (n = 9)			P
Variable	Baseline	Midpoint	Endpoint	Baseline	Midpoint	Endpoint	Time	Group	Time × Group interaction
Weight (kg)^a	68.4 ± 3.1	68.6 ± 3.1	68.5 ± 3.0	68.8 ± 3.1	68.7 ± 3.1	68.6 ± 3.0	0.156	0.958	0.762
BMI (kg/m²)^a	22.6 ± 0.9	22.6 ± 0.9	22.6 ± 0.8	22.3 ± 0.9	22.2 ± 0.9	22.2 ± 0.8	0.273	0.768	0.455
FFM (kg)^a	52.5 ± 1.7	53.9 ± 1.8^c	54.1 ± 1.8^c	55.9 ± 1.7	56.1 ± 1.8	55.8 ± 1.8	0.347	0.341	0.004
Muscle mass (kg)^a	49.7 ± 1.6	51.2 ± 1.7^c	51.4 ± 1.7^c	53.1 ± 1.6	53.2 ± 1.7	53.0 ± 1.7	0.399	0.348	0.003
Body fat percentage^a	22.4 ± 2.0	20.6 ± 1.9	20.1 ± 2.0	18.3 ± 2.0	18.0 ± 1.9	18.3 ± 2.0	0.643	0.327	0.058
Arms fat percentage^a	19.3 ± 1.8	17.9 ± 1.8	17.2 ± 1.7	13.7 ± 1.8	13.4 ± 1.8	13.6 ± 1.7	0.687	0.091	0.077
Legs fat percentage^a	20.8 ± 1.7	19.3 ± 1.6	19.2 ± 1.7	17.7 ± 1.7	17.2 ± 1.6	17.6 ± 1.7	0.846	0.378	0.064
Trunk fat percentage^a	25.7 ± 2.5	23.6 ± 2.4	22.8 ± 2.4	21.1 ± 2.5	20.8 ± 2.4	21.1 ± 2.4	0.484	0.397	0.075
BMD (g/cm²)^a	1.16 ± 0.02	1.16 ± 0.02	1.17 ± 0.03	1.18 ± 0.02	1.18 ± 0.02	1.20 ± 0.03	0.016	0.538	0.235
25(OH) D (nmol/L)^b	26.0 ± 1.8	29.2 ± 2.7	36.7 ± 2.7^cd	27.2 ± 1.8	37.2 ± 2.7^c	40.7 ± 2.7^cd	0.807	0.261	0.025
iPTH (pg/mL)^b	61.9 ± 8.3	58.7 ± 6.1	63.4 ± 5.6	37.6 ± 8.3	48.3 ± 6.1	51.5 ± 5.6	0.110	0.131	0.242
Sun exposure (min/day)	40.0± 9.8	76.5 ± 13.5	63.8 ± 15.2	50.0 ± 9.8	73.5 ± 13.5	50.5 ± 15.2	0.015	0.889	0.493

Data are presented as the adjusted mean ± SE. BMI body mass index, FFM fat free mass, BMD bone mineral density, 25(OH) D 25-hydroxyvitamin D, iPTH intact parathyroid hormone. ^a Adjusted by age, MVPA. ^b Adjusted by age, MVPA, baseline test time, changes of sun exposure and body fat percent from pre to end. ^cChange is significantly different from the baseline value within a subgroup. ^d Change is significantly different from the endpoint to midpoint within a subgroup. Boldface indicates significance (P < 0.05)

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