Vegan (n = 76) | Lacto-ovo-vegetarian (n = 144) | Vegetarian (n = 220) | Omnivore (n = 220) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (y) | 36.84 ± 8.51 | 35.49 ± 8.85 | 35.96 ± 8.73 | 35.23 ± 8.93 |
Female, % | 77.63 | 84.03 | 81.82 | 81.82 |
Vegetarian duration (y) | 5.79 ± 4.46 | 5.52 ± 5.33 | 5.61 ± 5.04 | – |
BMI (kg/m2) | 20.72 ± 2.27 | 21.17 ± 2.67 | 21.02 ± 2.54* | 22.53 ± 3.48 |
Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.81 ± 0.05 | 0.81 ± 0.05 | 0.81 ± 0.05* | 0 .84 ± 0 .05 |
No alcohol, % | 98.68 | 93.75 | 95.45* | 81.36 |
No smoking, % | 86.84 | 90.97 | 89.55 | 90.45 |
Physical activity (min/wk) | 151.97 ± 181.98 | 93.16 ± 108.48 | 113.48 ± 140.75* | 82.86 ± 114.39 |
Income (Yuan/month), % | ||||
< 3000 | 17.11 | 19.44 | 18.64* | 25.45 |
3000 ~ 5000 | 22.37 | 17.36 | 19.09* | 20 |
5000 ~ 8000 | 18.42 | 29.17 | 25.45* | 24.10 |
> 8000 | 42.10 | 34.03 | 36.82* | 30.45 |
Energy (Kcal/d) | 1536.32 ± 541.52 | 1496.98 ± 503.67 | 1510.57 ± 516.17* | 1792.88 ± 583.46 |
Protein (g/d) | 48.50 ± 23.94 | 44.48 ± 18.92 | 45.87 ± 20.83* | 71.52 ± 31.64 |
Fat (g/d) | 39.49 ± 21.22 | 43.02 ± 21.31 | 41.80 ± 21.30* | 68.14 ± 34.66 |
Carbohydrate (g/d) | 237.96 ± 90.39 | 227.55 ± 84.11 | 231.14 ± 86.26 | 217.14 ± 75.72 |
Fiber (g/d) | 19.36 ± 11.89 | 13.63 ± 7.56** | 15.61 ± 9.65* | 12.04 ± 7.12 |
FG (mmol/L) | 4.58 ± 0.29 | 4.66 ± 0 .80 | 4.63 ± 0.67* | 4.82 ± 0.40 |
FI (mU/L) | 4.76 ± 2.67 | 4.96 ± 2.08 | 4.89 ± 2.30* | 6.03 ± 3.11 |
HOMA-IR | 0.98 ± 0.56 | 1.05 ± 0.60 | 1.03 ± 0.59*(1) | 1.30 ± 0.71 |
HOMA-β (%) | 91.26 ± 58.47 | 94.85 ± 42.97 | 93.61 ± 48.78 | 97.86 ± 62.42 |
Insulin resistance (%) | 1.32 | 1.39 | 1.36%* | 5.45 |
Dietary Se intake (μg/d) | 25.28 ± 23.89 | 25.83 ± 15.03 | 25.64 ± 18.52* | 55.14 ± 37.51 |
Toenail Se (μg/g) | 0.46 ± 0.11 | 0.56 ± 0.17** | 0.53 ± 0.16*(1) | 0.69 ± 0.53 |