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Table 2 Effects of propolis and it’s derivate on glycemic indices in clinical trial studies

From: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of the effects of Propolis in inflammation, oxidative stress and glycemic control in chronic diseases

Author (year)

Country (Reference number)

Study design (Sex)

Participants numbers

Type and dose of Propolis administered

Study Duration (Mean age of subjects)

Outcome measures

Zakerkish M et al. (2019) [81]

Iran

Parallel RCT (M/F)

94 type 2 diabetes patients

2 capsules daily

each capsule contain: 500 mg

3-month (55.1 years)

S.R in HOMA-IR, Insulin, HbA1C, and 2 h-PPS levels in Propolis group compared with Placebo

N.S in FPG between two groups

Afsharpour F et al. (2019) [35]

Iran

Parallel RCT (M/F)

62 type 2 diabetes patients

3 capsules daily

each capsule contain: 500 mg

8-week (50.4 years)

S.R in FPG, HOMA-IR, Insulin, HbA1C, and 2 h-PPS levels in Propolis group compared with Placebo

Gao W et al. (2018) [18]

China

Open-label CT study (M/F)

61 type 2 diabetes patients

1 capsule once daily

each capsule: 900 mg

18-week

(59.1 years)

N.S in FPG, Insulin and HbA1C levels in Propolis group compared with Placebo

Samadi N et al. (2017) [105]

Iran

Parallel RCT (M/F)

66 type 2 diabetes patients

3 pills daily

each pill contain: 300 mg

12-week (53.6 years)

S.R in FPG

S.R in HbA1C level

El-Sharkawy H et al. (2016) [14]

Egypt

Parallel RCT (M/F)

50 type 2 diabetes patients

1 capsule once daily

each capsule: 400 mg

6-month (50.1 years)

S.R in FPG

S.R in HbA1C level

Zhao L et al. (2016) [82]

China

Parallel RCT (M/F)

65 type 2 diabetes patients

1 capsule once daily

each capsule: 900 mg

18-week (60.1 years)

N.S in Serum glocuse, Insulin and HbA1C levels in Propolis group compared with Placebo

Fukuda T et al. (2015) [106]

Japan

Parallel RCT (M/F)

80 type 2 diabetes patients

1 Tablet daily

each tablet contain: 226 mg

8-week (63.3 years)

N.S in HOMA-IR, Insulin and HbA1C levels in Propolis group compared with Placebo

Murata K et al. (2004) [117]

Japan

Case series study (M/F)

12 diabetic adult patients

Propolis Mixed with Mulberry Leaf Extract

30 days (44–74 years)

S.R in FPG

S.R in HbA1C level

  1. Abbreviations: RCT Randomized Clinical Trial, M Male, F Female, G Group, S.R Significantly Reduction, N.S Not Significant difference, FPG Fasting Plasma Glucose, FBS Fasting Blood Sugar, 2 h-PPS 2 h Post Prandial Sugar, HOMA-IR Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance