Dose response of a novel exogenous ketone supplement on physiological, perceptual and performance parameters

Nutrition & Metabolism

Table 2 Metabolic, respiratory, heart rate, perceptual, and physical performance response.

Variable	KS1	KS2	PLA	p value	η²p
Mean VO₂ (L/min)	3.5 ± 0.6	3.5 ± 0.6	3.5 ± 0.6	0.706	0.029
Mean VCO₂ (L/min)	3.4 ± 0.7	3.3 ± 0.6	3.3 ± 0.6	0.336	0.087
RER	0.97 ± 0.02	0.96 ± 0.03	0.95 ± 0.04	0.172	0.136
Mean VO₂ (ml/kg/min)	49.0 ± 6.3	48.2 ± 4.7	48.4 ± 5.6	0.571	0.046
V_E (L/min)	106.2 ± 21.4	102.8 ± 19.3	99.8 ± 28.8	0.570	0.046
RR (bpm)	42.7 ± 6.5	42.1 ± 6.9	43.7 ± 6.7	0.155	0.144
Mean carbohydrate oxidation (g/min)	4.2 ± 0.9	4.0 ± 0.8	3.9 ± 0.8	0.191	0.129
Mean fat oxidation (g/min)	0.20 ± 0.12	0.25 ± 0.15	0.29 ± 0.23	0.316	0.092
Heart rate (b/min)	176.0 ± 8.3	176.8 ± 7.9	175.2 ± 9.3	0.575	0.045
Affect	0.6 ± 2.1	0.4 ± 2.1	0.7 ± 2.2	0.587	0.043
RPE-C	4.8 ± 1.9	4.9 ± 2.2	5.0 ± 2.0	0.524	0.052
RPE-L	5.4 ± 2.0	5.0 ± 2.3	5.4 ± 1.9	0.315	0.092
RPE-O	5.2 ± 1.9	5.0 ± 2.1	5.3 ± 2.0	0.390	0.075
Session RPE	6.2 ± 1.7	6.5 ± 1.8	6.8 ± 2.1	0.141	0.151
Session affect	0.5 ± 2.3	− 0.8 ± 2.9	− 0.1 ± 2.7	0.088	0.183
Time (s)	1289.0 ± 104.9	1307.3 ± 98.8	1291.1 ± 77.1	0.386	0.076

Gas exchange, respiratory rate (RR), calculated oxidation rates, heart rate (HR), affect, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and time to completion data during 5-km time trail (5-km TT; n = 13). Values are Mean ± SD. One Dose Beta Hydroxybutyrate Salt and Medium Chain Triglycerides, KS1; Double Dose Beta Hydroxybutyrate Salt and Medium Chain Triglycerides, KS2; Flavored Matched Control, PLA; oxygen consumption, VO₂; carbon dioxide production, VCO₂; heart rate, HR; respiratory exchange ratio, RER; ventilation, V_E; respiratory rate, RR; rate of perceived exertion, RPE; rate of perceived exertion for overall body, RPE-O; rate of perceived exertion for chest, RPE-C; rate of perceived exertion for leg RPE-L. Italicized: Did not correct for ketone oxidation (Frayn et al. 1980s; Cox et al.)

ISSN: 1743-7075