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Table 1 Baseline values of adiponectin and glucolipid metabolic parameters in the anthocyanins and placebo group for the participants classified with prediabetes and newly diabetes

From: Anthocyanins increase serum adiponectin in newly diagnosed diabetes but not in prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial

 

Prediabetes

Newly diabetes

 

Anthocyanins (n = 41)

Placebo (n = 49)

P

Anthocyanins (n = 39)

Placebo (n = 31)

P

Adiponectin (µg/mL)

6.05 ± 2.48

6.49 ± 2.28

0.41

5.93 ± 2.4

5.77 ± 1.62

0.762

Glucose metabolism

Hemoglobin A1c (%)

5.8 ± 0.42

5.63 ± 0.43

0.074

6.49 ± 0.53

6.46 ± 0.48

0.854

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

5.68 ± 0.68

5.87 ± 0.44

0.145

6.62 ± 0.82

6.48 ± 0.66

0.418

2-h glucose (mmol/L)

7.66 ± 2.03

7.05 ± 1.8

0.144

12.08 ± 3.03

11.74 ± 3.34

0.661

Fasting insulin (μU/mL)

11.58 ± 5.79

11.22 ± 5.6

0.773

11.49 ± 7.12

13.21 ± 6.6

0.314

2-h insulin (μU/mL)

81.45 ± 53.51

82.12 ± 71.98

0.961

102.56 ± 68.11

109.42 ± 71.86

0.686

Fasting C-peptide (ng/mL)

2.27 ± 0.92

2.29 ± 0.81

0.943

2.58 ± 1.1

2.81 ± 1.26

0.424

2-h C-peptide (ng/mL)

10.9 ± 3.68

10.56 ± 3.7

0.674

12.14 ± 3.86

12.45 ± 4.25

0.754

AUC glucose

23.7 ± 4.04

23.96 ± 3.76

0.785

33.66 ± 6.01

32.56 ± 5.55

0.465

AUC insulin

195.77 ± 95.64

208.35 ± 105.93

0.608

211.23 ± 126.83

260.78 ± 129.8

0.142

AUC C-peptide

25.72 ± 7.44

25.47 ± 6.22

0.875

26.64 ± 7.35

29.86 ± 8.47

0.121

HOMA-IR

2.94 ± 1.6

2.91 ± 1.39

0.937

3.41 ± 2.39

3.91 ± 2.18

0.383

HOMA-β

112.65 ± 68.82

104.3 ± 97.25

0.664

77.31 ± 41.61

87.36 ± 38.99

0.316

Lipids

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.99 ± 1.2

5.99 ± 1.03

0.996

6.24 ± 1.17

6.06 ± 1.46

0.57

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.7 ± 0.9

1.69 ± 1

0.949

1.73 ± 1.14

1.8 ± 1.58

0.822

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.45 ± 0.39

1.48 ± 0.34

0.693

1.48 ± 0.37

1.43 ± 0.34

0.528

LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.35 ± 0.88

3.28 ± 0.82

0.67

3.43 ± 0.94

3.33 ± 0.99

0.654

Apo A-1 (g/L)

1.55 ± 0.3

1.66 ± 0.28

0.073

1.64 ± 0.34

1.63 ± 0.34

0.907

Apo B (g/L)

1.17 ± 0.25

1.13 ± 0.22

0.506

1.16 ± 0.22

1.14 ± 0.28

0.836

LDLHDL ratio

2.44 ± 0.76

2.34 ± 0.82

0.554

2.46 ± 0.86

2.46 ± 0.94

0.998

TGHDL ratio

1.33 ± 0.93

1.29 ± 1.08

0.848

1.32 ± 1.21

1.42 ± 1.49

0.77

  1. AUC, area under the curve by 3-h oral glucose tolerance test, were calculated according the trapezoidal rule
  2. HOMA-IR, homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-IR = FIns (mU/mL) × FG (mmol/L)/22.5
  3. HOMA-β, homoeostasis model assessment of β-cell function; HOMA-β = FIns × 20/(FG-3.5)
  4. HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, apo A-1 apolipoprotein A-1, apo B apolipoprotein B, TG Triglycerides
  5. P value was for the differences between the two groups, compared by independent student’s t-test