| Prediabetes | Newly diabetes | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Anthocyanins (n = 41) | Placebo (n = 49) | P | Anthocyanins (n = 39) | Placebo (n = 31) | P |
Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 6.05 ± 2.48 | 6.49 ± 2.28 | 0.41 | 5.93 ± 2.4 | 5.77 ± 1.62 | 0.762 |
Glucose metabolism | ||||||
Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.8 ± 0.42 | 5.63 ± 0.43 | 0.074 | 6.49 ± 0.53 | 6.46 ± 0.48 | 0.854 |
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.68 ± 0.68 | 5.87 ± 0.44 | 0.145 | 6.62 ± 0.82 | 6.48 ± 0.66 | 0.418 |
2-h glucose (mmol/L) | 7.66 ± 2.03 | 7.05 ± 1.8 | 0.144 | 12.08 ± 3.03 | 11.74 ± 3.34 | 0.661 |
Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | 11.58 ± 5.79 | 11.22 ± 5.6 | 0.773 | 11.49 ± 7.12 | 13.21 ± 6.6 | 0.314 |
2-h insulin (μU/mL) | 81.45 ± 53.51 | 82.12 ± 71.98 | 0.961 | 102.56 ± 68.11 | 109.42 ± 71.86 | 0.686 |
Fasting C-peptide (ng/mL) | 2.27 ± 0.92 | 2.29 ± 0.81 | 0.943 | 2.58 ± 1.1 | 2.81 ± 1.26 | 0.424 |
2-h C-peptide (ng/mL) | 10.9 ± 3.68 | 10.56 ± 3.7 | 0.674 | 12.14 ± 3.86 | 12.45 ± 4.25 | 0.754 |
AUC glucose | 23.7 ± 4.04 | 23.96 ± 3.76 | 0.785 | 33.66 ± 6.01 | 32.56 ± 5.55 | 0.465 |
AUC insulin | 195.77 ± 95.64 | 208.35 ± 105.93 | 0.608 | 211.23 ± 126.83 | 260.78 ± 129.8 | 0.142 |
AUC C-peptide | 25.72 ± 7.44 | 25.47 ± 6.22 | 0.875 | 26.64 ± 7.35 | 29.86 ± 8.47 | 0.121 |
HOMA-IR | 2.94 ± 1.6 | 2.91 ± 1.39 | 0.937 | 3.41 ± 2.39 | 3.91 ± 2.18 | 0.383 |
HOMA-β | 112.65 ± 68.82 | 104.3 ± 97.25 | 0.664 | 77.31 ± 41.61 | 87.36 ± 38.99 | 0.316 |
Lipids | ||||||
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.99 ± 1.2 | 5.99 ± 1.03 | 0.996 | 6.24 ± 1.17 | 6.06 ± 1.46 | 0.57 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 1.69 ± 1 | 0.949 | 1.73 ± 1.14 | 1.8 ± 1.58 | 0.822 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.45 ± 0.39 | 1.48 ± 0.34 | 0.693 | 1.48 ± 0.37 | 1.43 ± 0.34 | 0.528 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.35 ± 0.88 | 3.28 ± 0.82 | 0.67 | 3.43 ± 0.94 | 3.33 ± 0.99 | 0.654 |
Apo A-1 (g/L) | 1.55 ± 0.3 | 1.66 ± 0.28 | 0.073 | 1.64 ± 0.34 | 1.63 ± 0.34 | 0.907 |
Apo B (g/L) | 1.17 ± 0.25 | 1.13 ± 0.22 | 0.506 | 1.16 ± 0.22 | 1.14 ± 0.28 | 0.836 |
LDLHDL ratio | 2.44 ± 0.76 | 2.34 ± 0.82 | 0.554 | 2.46 ± 0.86 | 2.46 ± 0.94 | 0.998 |
TGHDL ratio | 1.33 ± 0.93 | 1.29 ± 1.08 | 0.848 | 1.32 ± 1.21 | 1.42 ± 1.49 | 0.77 |