Table 1 Food grouping used in dietary pattern analysis

Sausages, kalbas

Processed meats

Beef, lamb

Red meat

Beef liver, kale pache, maghz, zaban, sirabi

Organ meat

Canned tuna fish, other fish

Fish

Chicken with or without skin

Poultry

Egg

Egg

Skim milk, low fat milk, low fat yogurt, kashk

Low fat dairy products

High fat milk, whole chocolate and cocoa milk, high fat yogurt, creamy yogurt, cream cheese, other cheese, cream, ice cream

High fat dairy

Tea

Tea

Melon, honeydew melon, watermelon, pear, apricot, cherries, apple, peach, nectarine, Japanese plums, fig, grape, kiwifruit, grapefruit, orange, persimmon, tangerine, pomegranate, date, plums, sour cherries, strawberry, banana, lime, sweet lemon, pineapple

Fruit

Lemon juice, all types of juice

Fruit juices

Lettuce, cucumber, fresh basil, mixed vegetables, squash, eggplant, celery, green peas, green beans, carrot, onion, cabbage, spinach, bell pepper, mushroom, turnip

Vegetable

Lentils, kidney beans, chickpeas, broad beans, soy beans, mung beans, split peas

Legume

Iranian dark breads, barely

Whole grain

White bread, baguette bread, rice, white flour, spaghetti, noodle, biscuit, vermicelli

Refined grain

Garlic

Garlic

Tomatoes, red sauce

Tomato

Boiled potato

Potato

Hamburger, pizza, French fries

Fast food

Cracker, potato chips, salty snacks

Salty snack

Walnut, all types of nuts

Nut

Mayonnaise

Mayonnaise

Raisins, dried berries, dried limes

Dried fruit

Muffins, other cakes, sugar, white granulated sugar, honey, jam, gaz (Iranian sweet) Hard candy, chocolates, caramel flan, donuts

Sugar, sweet, dessert

Butter, margarine, hydrogenated fats, animal fats, non-hydrogenated oils

Solid fat

Canola oil, colza oil, sunflower oil, flaxseed oil, cotton oil, sesame oil

Vegetable oil

Green olives, olive oil

Olive

Soft drinks

Soft drink

Pickles

Pickles

Salt

Salt

Dough

Yogurt drink

Coffee

Coffee