An optimal glycemic load range is better for reducing obesity and diabetes risk among middle-aged and elderly adults

Table 1 General, anthropometric, and laboratory characteristics of the study subjects classified in different clusters

	Cluster 1 (n = 627)	Cluster 2 (n = 374)	Cluster 3 (n = 357)	Cluster 4 (n = 671)	\(\upchi ^{2} /{\text{F}}\)	P	\(\upvarphi /\upeta\)
Advanced age (n (%))	79 (12.6)	40 (10.7)	50 (14.0)	58 (8.6)	8.573	0.036	0.065
Male (n (%))	330 (52.6)	58 (15.5)	62 (17.4)	178 (26.5)	216.606	< 0.001	0.327
Current smoker (n (%))	123 (20.1)	25 (6.9)	17 (4.9)	84 (12.9)	60.632	< 0.001	0.175
Regular alcohol drinkers (n (%))	25 (4.0)	7 (1.9)	9 (2.5)	25 (3.7)	4.426	0.219	0.047
Regular exercise (n (%))	93 (14.8)	88 (23.5)	84 (23.5)	121 (18.0)	17.211	0.001	0.092
Diabetic family history (n (%))	107 (17.1)	59 (15.9)	60 (16.9)	109 (16.4)	0.327	0.955	0.013
BMI (kg/m²)	23.3 ± 2.90	23.3 ± 3.0	23.0 ± 3.1	23.5 ± 3.2	1.452	0.226	0.046
Waist circumference (cm)	81.7 ± 8.8^bc	80.0 ± 8.8^ad	79.2 ± 8.9^ad	81.3 ± 9.5^bc	7.797	< 0.001	0.107
FPG (mmol/L)	5.54 ± 0.96^b	5.37 ± 0.61^a	5.49 ± 0.90	5.43 ± 0.86	3.610	0.013	0.073
2-hPG (mmol/L)	7.85 ± 2.77^bc	7.27 ± 1.89^a	7.44 ± 2.06^a	7.60 ± 2.33	5.269	0.001	0.088
AUCG	6.69 ± 1.72^bd	6.32 ± 1.10^a	6.47 ± 1.30	6.51 ± 1.44^a	5.512	0.001	0.090

Categorical variables are expressed as absolute values (relative frequencies) and were compared using the chi-squared test. Continuous variables are expressed as the mean ± SD and were compared using ANOVA and SNK. Advanced age was defined as an age ≥ 65 years; regular exercise was defined as ≥ 7.5 MET-h/w of moderate to vigorous activities
BMI body mass index, FPG fasting plasma glucose, 2-hPG 2-hour plasma glucose, AUCG area under the curve of glucose
^aCompared to Cluster 1, P < 0.05
^bCompared to Cluster 2, P < 0.05
^cCompared to Cluster 3, P < 0.05
^dCompared to Cluster 4, P < 0.05

ISSN: 1743-7075