| |
Time (month)
|
CIMWM
|
TMWM
|
p valueb
|
|---|
|
Weight loss ≥ 5%
|
1
|
30.9% (38/123)
|
24.4% (32/131)
|
0.249
|
| |
2
|
68.3% (84/123)
|
49.6% (65/131)
|
0.003**
|
| |
3
|
76.4% (94/123)
|
54.2% (71/131)
|
< 0.001***
|
| |
6
|
66.7% (82/123)
|
54.2% (71/131)
|
0.042*
|
| △BMI (kg/m2)
|
1
|
− 1.14 ± 1.17
|
− 0.96 ± 1.05
|
0.437
|
| |
2
|
− 2.08 ± 1.21
|
− 1.46 ± 3.84
|
0.013*
|
| |
3
|
− 2.58 ± 1.51
|
− 1.88 ± 2.12
|
0.006**
|
| |
6
|
− 2.44 ± 1.82
|
− 1.74 ± 2.59
|
0.006**
|
| △BW (kg) |
1
|
− 3.65 ± 2.31
|
− 3.06 ± 3.70
|
0.438
|
| |
2
|
− 6.30 ± 5.62
|
− 5.42 ± 7.55
|
0.260
|
| |
3
|
− 8.09 ± 6.57
|
− 5.77 ± 7.90
|
0.004**
|
| |
6
|
− 7.42 ± 8.16
|
− 6.86 ± 10.67
|
0.461
|
| △BFP (%) |
1
|
− 1.13 ± 1.50
|
− 0.60 ± 1.45
|
0.062
|
| |
2
|
− 1.82 ± 2.14
|
− 1.33 ± 2.46
|
0.085
|
| |
3
|
− 2.43 ± 2.77
|
− 1.89 ± 2.52
|
0.058
|
| |
6
|
− 2.74 ± 3.26
|
− 1.94 ± 3.02
|
0.006**
|
| △BFM (kg) |
1
|
− 2.26 ± 1.79
|
− 1.51 ± 1.72
|
0.055
|
| |
2
|
− 3.40 ± 3.13
|
− 3.02 ± 4.20
|
0.284
|
| |
3
|
− 4.64 ± 2.80
|
− 3.67 ± 4.21
|
0.015*
|
| |
6
|
− 4.62 ± 3.54
|
− 3.36 ± 5.67
|
0.002**
|
| △FFM (kg) |
1
|
− 1.44 ± 1.86
|
− 1.43 ± 3.15
|
0.873
|
| |
2
|
− 2.73 ± 4.73
|
− 2.25 ± 4.99
|
0.498
|
| |
3
|
− 3.86 ± 6.52
|
− 2.14 ± 5.22
|
0.004**
|
| |
6
|
− 2.86 ± 5.59
|
− 2.05 ± 5.15
|
0.203
|
| △SMM (kg) |
1
|
− 0.78 ± 1.41
|
− 0.80 ± 1.72
|
0.871
|
| |
2
|
− 1.29 ± 2.40
|
− 1.21 ± 2.68
|
0.925
|
| |
3
|
− 1.08 ± 4.47
|
− 1.11 ± 2.60
|
0.855
|
| |
6
|
− 2.06 ± 4.71
|
− 1.48 ± 3.63
|
0.149
|
| △VFA (cm2)
|
1
|
− 10.86 ± 19.05
|
− 6.84 ± 25.88
|
0.028*
|
| |
2
|
− 17.00 ± 21.87
|
− 14.13 ± 36.58
|
0.067
|
| |
3
|
− 22.38 ± 23.52
|
− 18.90 ± 36.28
|
0.043*
|
| |
6
|
− 23.70 ± 28.21
|
− 20.45 ± 39.15
|
0.051
|
| △(S/V) (kg/cm2)
|
1
|
0.01 ± 0.05
|
− 0.01 ± 0.22
|
0.061
|
| |
2
|
0.03 ± 0.06
|
− 0.00 ± 0.22
|
0.012*
|
| |
3
|
0.05 ± 0.07
|
0.01 ± 0.23
|
0.002**
|
| |
6
|
0.04 ± 0.08
|
0.01 ± 0.22
|
0.008**
|
| △WC (cm) |
1
|
− 2.29 ± 7.22
|
− 1.35 ± 9.95
|
0.322
|
| |
2
|
− 6.14 ± 11.56
|
− 4.19 ± 10.39
|
0.047*
|
| |
3
|
− 7.12 ± 7.80
|
− 5.35 ± 11.78
|
0.071
|
| |
6
|
− 7.33 ± 8.93
|
− 5.70 ± 12.25
|
0.095
|
| △HC (cm) |
1
|
− 2.13 ± 4.46
|
− 0.76 ± 9.84
|
0.218
|
| |
2
|
− 4.34 ± 5.45
|
− 4.40 ± 14.24
|
0.833
|
| |
3
|
− 5.71 ± 5.81
|
− 4.39 ± 13.94
|
0.241
|
| |
6
|
− 4.95 ± 5.48
|
− 3.83 ± 11.09
|
0.329
|
| △WHR |
1
|
− 0.00 ± 0.07
|
− 0.06 ± 0.69
|
0.931
|
| |
2
|
− 0.02 ± 0.10
|
− 0.04 ± 0.72
|
0.936
|
| |
3
|
− 0.02 ± 0.08
|
− 0.05 ± 0.72
|
0.164
|
| |
6
|
− 0.03 ± 0.08
|
− 0.07 ± 0.70
|
0.936
|
| △SBP (mmHg) |
1
|
− 4.92 ± 11.27
|
− 4.49 ± 12.44
|
0.483
|
| |
2
|
− 6.38 ± 12.33
|
− 4.91 ± 13.47
|
0.136
|
| |
3
|
− 7.11 ± 13.17
|
− 7.21 ± 12.97
|
0.772
|
| |
6
|
− 6.66 ± 12.97
|
− 6.32 ± 13.64
|
0.531
|
| △DBP (mmHg) |
1
|
− 4.62 ± 10.17
|
− 4.33 ± 10.31
|
0.305
|
| |
2
|
− 5.94 ± 9.98
|
− 4.34 ± 9.83
|
0.017*
|
| |
3
|
− 6.24 ± 10.19
|
− 5.73 ± 10.53
|
0.208
|
| |
6
|
− 5.64 ± 10.25
|
− 6.14 ± 10.52
|
0.829
|
| △ALT (U/L) |
3
|
− 14.40 ± 21.74
|
− 10.61 ± 24.03
|
0.836
|
| |
6
|
− 14.86 ± 25.98
|
− 7.94 ± 31.41
|
0.156
|
| △AST (U/L) |
3
|
− 6.32 ± 10.49
|
− 4.50 ± 10.08
|
0.548
|
| |
6
|
− 5.62 ± 12.86
|
− 2.48 ± 14.37
|
0.095
|
| △TC (mmol/L) |
3
|
− 0.43 ± 0.94
|
− 0.18 ± 0.85
|
0.025*
|
| |
6
|
− 0.43 ± 0.97
|
− 0.16 ± 0.85
|
0.013*
|
| △TG (mmol/L) |
3
|
− 0.76 ± 1.79
|
− 0.60 ± 0.96
|
0.849
|
| |
6
|
− 0.48 ± 1.63
|
− 0.30 ± 1.17
|
0.713
|
| △HDL-C (mmol/L) |
3
|
0.03 ± 0.23
|
0.02 ± 1.42
|
0.339
|
| |
6
|
0.10 ± 0.27
|
0.02 ± 1.15
|
0.283
|
| △LDL-C (mmol/L) |
3
|
− 0.17 ± 0.65
|
− 0.06 ± 0.72
|
0.168
|
| |
6
|
− 0.27 ± 0.67
|
− 0.15 ± 0.72
|
0.126
|
| △Lp (a) (mg/L) |
3
|
42.88 ± 149.61
|
49.15 ± 86.74
|
0.881
|
| |
6
|
47.91 ± 193.69
|
25.69 ± 94.77
|
0.122
|
| △FPG (mmol/L) |
3
|
− 0.26 ± 0.74
|
− 0.19 ± 1.06
|
0.674
|
| |
6
|
− 0.23 ± 0.91
|
− 0.18 ± 1.14
|
0.756
|
| △Cr (µmol/L) |
3
|
− 1.30 ± 9.39
|
0.70 ± 11.46
|
0.448
|
| |
6
|
− 0.61 ± 11.08
|
− 0.97 ± 14.54
|
0.282
|
| △UA (µmol/L) |
3
|
5.25 ± 71.00
|
− 3.48 ± 102.55
|
0.097
|
| |
6
|
− 34.21 ± 82.14
|
− 19.11 ± 95.79
|
0.361
|
| △FINS (pmol/L) |
3
|
− 67.95 ± 192.05
|
− 39.86 ± 76.70
|
0.229
|
| |
6
|
− 62.95 ± 194.36
|
− 32.24 ± 73.93
|
0.107
|
| △FCP (pmol/L) |
3
|
− 385.4 ± 1244.23
|
− 120.41 ± 698.46
|
0.382
|
| |
6
|
− 421.05 ± 1219.72
|
− 197.40 ± 450.50
|
0.872
|
| △HbA1c (%) |
3
|
− 0.17 ± 0.31
|
− 0.09 ± 0.36
|
0.117
|
| |
6
|
− 0.04 ± 0.41
|
− 0.02 ± 0.45
|
0.885
|
| △HOMA-IR |
3
|
− 2.35 ± 6.01
|
− 1.37 ± 2.76
|
0.182
|
| |
6
|
− 2.17 ± 6.08
|
− 1.12 ± 2.74
|
0.103
|
| △NFS |
3
|
0.01 ± 0.71
|
− 0.10 ± 0.86
|
0.749
|
| |
6
|
− 0.02 ± 0.74
|
− 0.03 ± 1.02
|
0.649
|
- BMI body mass index, BW body weight, BFP body fat percentage, BFM body fat mass, FFM fat-free mass, SMM skeletal muscle mass, VFA visceral fat area, S/V skeletal muscle mass-to-visceral fat area radio, WC waist circumference, HC hip circumference, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, [Lp(a)]Lipoprotein(a), Cr creatinine, UA uric acid, FPG fasting plasma glucose, FINS fasting insulin, FCP fasting C peptide, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, NFS non-alcoholic fatty liver disease score, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance
- aData are represented as mean ± SD for continuous variables and as percentages for categorical variables
- bBetween-group differences were analyzed using mixed model controlling for baseline index; categorical variables of individuals with weight loss ≥ 5% were analyzed using chi-square analysis
- *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
