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Table 4 Assessments of AMSTAR 2 scores and GRADE classification

From: Milk consumption and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in humans

Outcomes

First author

Year

Types

AMSTAR 2

GRADE

Mortality

     

All-cause mortality

Mazidi

2018

Milk

Moderate

Low

CHD mortality

Mazidi

2018

Milk

Moderate

Low

All cancer mortality

Lu

2016

Milk

High

Low

Prostate cancer mortality

Lu

2016

Milk

High

Very low

Prostate cancer mortality

Lu

2016

Skim/low-fat milk

High

Very low

Cancer

     

CRC

Barrubes

2019

Milk

Low

Moderate

CRC

Barrubes

2019

Low-fat milk

Low

Low

Prostate cancer

Aune

2015

Milk

Low

Moderate

DLBCL

Wang

2016

Milk

Critically low

Low

Gastric cancr

Wang

2018

Milk

Critically low

Moderate

Bladder Cancer

Bermejo

2019

Milk

Moderate

Moderate

Bladder Cancer

Bermejo

2019

Whole milk

Moderate

Low

Breast cancer

Chen

2019

Low-fat milk

Critically low

Very low

Breast cancer

Chen

2019

Milk

Critically low

Low

Breast cancer

Wu

2016

Milk

Moderate

Moderate

Breast cancer

Wu

2016

Skim milk

Moderate

Moderate

Endometrial cancer

Li

2017

Milk

Moderate

Moderate

ESCC

Li

2016

Milk

High

Moderate

FL

Wang

2016

Milk

Critically low

Very low

HCC

Yang

2017

Milk

Low

Moderate

Lung cancer

Yang

2016

Milk

Moderate

Moderate

Lung cancer

Yang

2016

Low-fat milk

Moderate

Low

NHL

Sergentanis

2019

Milk

Low

Low

Ovarian cancer

Liu

2015

Low-fat/skim milk

Critically low

Low

Ovarian cancer

Liu

2015

Milk

Critically low

Moderate

Pancreatic cancer

Genkinger

2014

Milk

Critically low

Moderate

Pancreatic cancer

Genkinger

2014

Whole milk

Critically low

Moderate

Pancreatic cancer

Genkinger

2014

Low-fat milk

Critically low

Moderate

SLL/CLL

Wang

2016

Milk

Critically low

Very low

Cardiovascular outcomes

     

CVD

Guo

2017

Milk

High

Low

CVD

Soedamah-Muthu

2011

Milk

Low

Low

CHD

Gholami

2017

Milk

Moderate

Moderate

Arterial Stiffness

Diez-Fernandez

2019

Milk

High

Moderate

Hypertension

Soedamah-Muthu

2012

Milk

Low

Moderate

Stroke

de Goede

2016

Milk

Moderate

Moderate

Stroke

de Goede

2016

High-fat milk

Moderate

Low

Stroke

de Goede

2016

Low-fat milk

Moderate

Low

Stroke

Gholami

2017

Milk

Moderate

Moderate

Metabolic outcomes

     

Abdominal obesity

Lee

2018

Milk

Moderate

Moderate

T2DM

Gijsbers

2016

Milk

Moderate

Low

T2DM

Gijsbers

2016

Low-fat milk

Moderate

Low

T2DM

Gijsbers

2016

High-fat milk

Moderate

Low

Hypertriacylglycerolaemia

Lee

2018

Milk

Moderate

Low

Metabolic Syndrome

Mena

2019

Milk

Critically low

Moderate

Metabolic Syndrome

Lee

2018

Milk

Moderate

Moderate

Obesity

Wang

2016

Milk

Low

Moderate

T2DM

Tian

2017

Whole milk

Low

Low

Skeletal outcomes

     

Hip fracture

Malmir

2019

Milk

Low

Low

Osteoporosis

Malmir

2019

Milk

Low

Moderate

Vertebral fracture

Matia

2019

Milk

Low

Very low

Neurological outcomes

     

Alzheimer's disease

Wu

2016

Milk

Moderate

Very low

Cognitive Disorders

Wu

2016

Milk

Moderate

Low

Cognitive function

Lee

2018

Milk

Moderate

Very low

Parkinson’s disease

Jiang

2014

Milk

Low

Low

Dementia

Wu

2016

Milk

Moderate

Very low

Infant outcomes

     

FDA

Griebler

2016

Milk

Low

Low

T1DM

Griebler

2016

Milk

Low

Low

Other outcomes

     

Acne

Aghasi

2019

Milk

Low

Moderate

Dental erosion

Li

2012

Milk

Critically low

Very low

Endometriosis

Hoorsan

2017

Milk

Low

Very low

  1. AMSTAR a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews, GRADE Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, CVD cardiovascular disease, CHD coronary heart disease, CRC colorectal cancer, DLBCL diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, ESCC esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, FL follicular lymphoma, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, NHL non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, SLL/CLL small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, FDA Fe-deficiency anaemia, T1DM type 1 diabetes mellitus