Table 2 Baseline characteristics and intake of dietary variables of study population across tertiles of nut consumption according to transcription factor-7-like 2 rs7903146 genotype
rs7903146 genotype | CC | P value | CT | P value | TT | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | T3 | T1 | T3 | T1 | T3 | ||||
Age (y) | 35.2 ± 0.9 | 37.7 ± 0.9 | 0.16 | 37.6 ± 0.8 | 37.9 ± 0.8 | 0.62 | 35.0 ± 1.6 | 35.7 ± 1.6 | 0.82 |
Female (%) | 61.5 | 55.7 | 0.41 | 40.7 | 36.0 | 0.49 | 53.5 | 65.7 | 0.33 |
Physical activity (MET h-week) | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 0.45 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 4.4 ± 0.3 | 0.58 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 0.51 |
Current smoking (%) | 21.5 | 19.6 | 0.63 | 22.6 | 15.1 | 0.04 | 29.6 | 14.3 | 0.05 |
Academic degrees (%) | 19.5 | 33.0 | 0.01 | 20.4 | 24.9 | 0.14 | 26.8 | 22.9 | 0.48 |
Occupational status, employed (%) | 41.0 | 45.6 | 0.46 | 40.4 | 43.4 | 0.72 | 50.7 | 32.9 | 0.08 |
Family history of diabetes (%) | 33.3 | 37.6 | 0.76 | 35.4 | 28.9 | 0.62 | 32.4 | 28.6 | 0.08 |
Family history of CVD events (%) | 16.9 | 16.0 | 0.73 | 38.9 | 40.9 | 0.98 | 25.4 | 10.0 | 0.08 |
BMI at baseline (kg/m2) | 25.7 ± 0.3 | 25.9 ± 0.3 | 0.89 | 25.7 ± 0.3 | 26.0 ± 0.3 | 0.11 | 25.7 ± 0.5 | 25.0 ± 0.5 | 0.64 |
Dietary variables | |||||||||
Total energy (Kcal/d) | 2123 ± 87 | 2562 ± 88 | 0.002 | 2106 ± 44 | 2460 ± 44 |  < 0.001 | 2181 ± 81 | 2640 ± 81 |  < 0.001 |
Carbohydrate (% of total energy) | 60.3 ± 1.0 | 61.8 ± 1.0 | 0.17 | 61.2 ± 0.7 | 61.7 ± 0.7 | 0.82 | 059.5 ± 1.2 | 61.5 ± 1.2 | 0.43 |
Protein (% of total energy) | 14.3 ± 0.9 | 14.5 ± 0.9 | 0.23 | 14.5 ± 0.2 | 14.6 ± 0.2 | 0.19 | 14.0 ± 0.3 | 14.5 ± 0.3 | 0.06 |
Fat (% of total energy) | 30.8 ± 0.4 | 30.5 ± 0.4 | 0.13 | 29.6 ± 0.3 | 30.0 ± 0.3 | 0.69 | 31.0 ± 0.6 | 30.4 ± 0.6 | 0.75 |
SFA (% of total energy) | 10.3 ± 0.2 | 9.7 ± 0.2 | 0.11 | 9.9 ± 0.2 | 9.6 ± 0.2 | 0.44 | 9.7 ± 0.3 | 9.6 ± 0.3 | 0.22 |
MUFA (% of total energy) | 10.7 ± 0.3 | 10.2 ± 0.3 | 0.47 | 10.1 ± 0.1 | 10.1 ± 0.1 | 0.98 | 10.8 ± 0.3 | 10.1 ± 0.3 | 0.13 |
PUFA (% of total energy) | 6.2 ± 0.1 | 6.3 ± 0.1 | 0.32 | 5.9 ± 0.1 | 6.2 ± 0.1 | 0.14 | 6.6 ± 0.2 | 6.2 ± 0.2 | 0.11 |
Total fiber (g/d) | 37.9 ± 1.2 | 47.2 ± 1.2 |  < 0.001 | 39.2 ± 1.2 | 46.1 ± 1.2 |  < 0.001 | 39.6 ± 2.2 | 49.8 ± 2.2 |  < 0.001 |
Cholesterol (g/d) | 200 ± 24 | 258 ± 24 | 0.07 | 209 ± 7.5 | 240 ± 7.6 | 0.018 | 202 ± 12 | 255 ± 12 | 0.013 |
Vegetable (g/d) | 247 ± 11 | 338 ± 11 |  < 0.001 | 247 ± 9 | 320 ± 9 |  < 0.001 | 246 ± 15 | 333 ± 15 |  < 0.001 |
Fruit (g/d) | 279 ± 18 | 497 ± 18 |  < 0.001 | 303 ± 20 | 472 ± 20 |  < 0.001 | 270 ± 32 | 510 ± 32 |  < 0.001 |
Meat, processed meat and organ meat(g/d) | 23.9 ± 0.3 | 33.3 ± 1.3 |  < 0.001 | 24.8 ± 1.4 | 28.4 ± 1.4 | 0.12 | 24.3 ± 2.5 | 31.7 ± 2.5 | 0.09 |
Poultry and fish (g/d) | 33.0 ± 2.9 | 46.8 ± 2.9 |  < 0.001 | 35.5 ± 6 | 150 ± 6 | 0.06 | 32.3 ± 3.8 | 44.5 ± 3.9 | 0.06 |
Whole grain (g/d) | 137 ± 6 | 151 ± 7 | 0.37 | 139 ± 6 | 150 ± 6 | 0.25 | 115 ± 9.8 | 158 ± 9.9 | 0.01 |
Refined grain (g/day) | 336 ± 12 | 315 ± 12 | 0.43 | 322 ± 9 | 314 ± 9 | 0.31 | 378 ± 19 | 342 ± 19 | 0.04 |
Legumes (g/d) | 31.0 ± 1.8 | 39.8 ± 1.8 | 0.001 | 35.9 ± 1.6 | 39.6 ± 1.6 | 0.10 | 35.3 ± 3.9 | 50.1 ± 3.9 | 0.007 |
Dairy products (g/d) | 353 ± 16 | 420 ± 16 | 0.013 | 344 ± 14 | 410 ± 14 | 0.004 | 336 ± 25 | 435 ± 26 | 0.02 |