Association of daytime napping in relation to risk of diabetes: evidence from a prospective study in Zhejiang, China

Table 4 Adjusted hazard ratios for diabetes in relation to daytime napping among non-obese and obese participants

	N. of participants	N. of incident diabetes	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
			HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)
Non-obese (BMI < 25 kg/m²)
Non-napping	25,470	1027	1	1	1	1
Napping only in summer	13,217	582	1.09 (0.98–1.20)	1.08 (0.97–1.20)	1.07 (0.97–1.19)	1.06 (0.95–1.17)
Habitual daytime napping	2032	121	1.56 (1.28–1.87)	1.54 (1.26–1.86)	1.47 (1.20–1.78)	1.44 (1.18–1.75)
Obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²)
Non-napping	8041	915	1	1	1	1
Napping only in summer	4431	563	1.08 (0.97–1.20)	1.06 (0.95–1.18)	1.06 (0.95–1.18)	1.04 (0.93–1.16)
Habitual daytime napping	725	125	1.47 (1.21–1.77)	1.43 (1.18–1.73)	1.38 (1.13–1.66)	1.35 (1.11–1.63)

Model 1, adjusted for age and sex. Model 2, further adjusted for education level (no formal education, primary school, middle school, and high school or above), household income (< 19,999 yuan, 20,000–34,999 yuan, and ≥ 35,000 yuan), marital status, cigarettes consumption (never, occasional, former, and current regular), alcohol consumption (never, occasional, former, and current regular), meat, fresh fruits, and fresh vegetables consumption (daily and non-daily), physical activity (continuous) and sleep duration (continuous). Model 3, further adjusted for and BMI (continuous) and WC (continuous). Model 4, further adjusted for snoring (none, occasional, and habitual)

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