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Table 3 Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for psychological disorders across quartiles low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score

From: The relation between low carbohydrate diet score and psychological disorders among Iranian adults

Quartiles of LCD score

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

P-trend

OR (CI)

OR (CI)

OR (CI)

OR (CI)

Depression

Model 1

All

Reference

0.98 (0.77–1.26)

0.86 (0.67–1.10)

0.96 (0.74–1.22)

0.51

Men

Reference

0.92 (0.64–1.32)

1.16 (0.82–1.64)

0.85 (0.58–1.24)

0.74

women

Reference

1.04 (0.74–1.45)

0.61 (0.42–0.88)*

1.04 (0.74–1.45)

0.53

Model 2

All

Reference

0.96 (0.74–1.26)

0.89 (0.68–1.16)

0.98 (0.75–1.28)

0.75

Men

Reference

0.85 (0.58–1.27)

1.18 (0.82–1.71)

0.82 (0.55–1.23)

0.77

women

Reference

1.06 (0.74–1.54)

0.64 (0.43–0.94)*

1.10 (0.77–1.58)

0.82

Model 3

All

Reference

0.95 (0.73–1.24)

0.87 (0.66–1.14)

0.96 (0.73–1.25)

0.62

Men

Reference

0.85 (0.58–1.26)

1.16 (0.80–1.68)

0.79 (0.53–1.20)

0.64

women

Reference

1.04 (0.72–1.50)

0.62 (0.42–0.93)*

1.08 (0.75–1.54)

0.75

Anxiety

Model 1

All

Reference

0.98 (0.78–1.22)

0.91 (0.73–1.13)

1.004 (0.80–1.25)

0.86

Men

Reference

0.90 (0.65–1.23)

1.14 (0.84–1.54)

0.90 (0.65–1.24)

0.96

women

Reference

1.06 (0.78–1.45)

0.69 (0.49–0.96)*

1.09 (0.80–1.48)

0.82

Model 2

All

Reference

0.93 (0.73–1.18)

0.91 (0.71–1.15)

1.003 (0.79–1.27)

0.98

Men

Reference

0.81 (0.58–1.15)

1.11 (0.80–1.53)

0.83 (0.58–1.17)

0.70

women

Reference

1.05 (0.75–1.48)

0.71 (0.50–1.02)

1.16 (0.83–1.62)

0.77

Model 3

All

Reference

0.93 (0.73–1.19)

0.91 (0.72–1.16)

1.007 (0.79–1.27)

0.98

Men

Reference

0.82 (0.58–1.16)

1.12 (0.81–1.55)

0.83 (0.58–1.18)

0.72

Women

Reference

1.04 (0.74–1.47)

0.71 (0.50–1.02)

1.16 (0.83–1.62)

0.77

Stress

Model 1

All

Reference

1.33 (0.89–1.98)

1.07 (0.71–1.62)

1.45 (0.99–2.18)

0.13

Men

Reference

1.36 (0.74–2.50)

1.34 (0.73–2.74)

1.40 (0.76–2.60)

0.32

Women

Reference

1.29 (0.76–2.20)

0.88 (0.50–1.54)

1.50 (0.90–2.50)

0.26

Model 2

All

Reference

1.13 (0.73–1.74)

1.01 (0.65–1.56)

1.42 (0.94–2.15)

0.13

Men

Reference

1.16 (0.60–2.26)

1.36 (0.71–2.59)

1.42 (0.73–2.73)

0.24

Women

Reference

1.12 (0.63–1.98)

0.78 (0.43–1.41)

1.42 (0.83–2.45)

0.34

Model 3

All

Reference

1.12 (0.72–1.72)

0.98 (0.63–1.52

1.38 (0.91–2.10)

0.18

Men

Reference

1.12 (0.58–2.18)

1.27 (0.66–2.43)

1.30 (0.67–2.52)

0.38

Women

Reference

1.11 (0.62–1.96)

0.78 (0.43–1.41)

1.42 (0.82–2.44)

0.34

  1. CI: confidence interval
  2. Model 1: Adjusted for sex (male/female); age (20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69); and total energy intake (continues, kcal/day)
  3. Model 2: Model 1 + history of chronic disease (yes/no);; marital status (single, married, widow or discovered); education level (lower than high school, high school, Diploma and associated diploma, Bachelors, Masters and higher); smoking history (never smoker, current smoker, ex-smoker); physical activity level (MET/min/week); pregnancy or lactation (yes/no); intakes of dietary EPA, DHA, and fiber (continues, g/d)
  4. Model 3: Model 2 + body mass index (BMI) (continues, kg/m2)
  5. p < 0.05 was considered as a significance level
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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