Table 2 Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) risk factors of study population in three phases of Isfahan cohort study

Plasma glucose

FBG

Mean ± SD

87.74 ± 31.1

99.73 ± 35.85

107.1 ± 38.95

 < 0.001¹

Normal (< 110)

2570 (91.2%)

2345 (82.6%)

1101 (75.2%)

 < 0.001²

Borderline (110–126)

87 (3.1%)

169 (6.0%)

137 (9.4%)

Impaired (≥ 126)

160 (5.7%)

326 (11.5%)

226 (15.4%)

Blood pressure

SBP/DBP

Mean ± SD

120.22/77.67 ± 20.54/11.42

123.28/76.73 ± 19.83/11.62

128.36/83.64 ± 17.59/10.31

 < 0.001¹

Normal (≤ 120/80)

1744 (61.9%)

1546 (54.4%)

563 (38.5%)

 < 0.001²

Borderline (120/80–140/90)

453 (16.1%)

573 (20.2%)

362 (24.7%)

Impaired (≥ 140/90)

620 (22.0%)

721 (25.4%)

539 (36.8%)

Serum lipids

TG

Mean ± SD

173.38 ± 78.8

172.97 ± 111.67

155.59 ± 89.83

 < 0.001¹

Normal (< 150)

1238 (43.9%)

1469 (51.7%)

854 (58.3%)

 < 0.001²

Borderline (150–200)

690 (24.5%)

539 (19.0%)

328 (22.4%)

Impaired (≥ 200)

889 (31.6%)

832 (29.3%)

282 (19.3%)

LDL-C

Mean ± SD

130.36 ± 42.11

124.14 ± 30.1

111.07 ± 27.76

 < 0.001¹

Normal (< 130)

1456 (51.7%)

1691 (59.5%)

1114 (76.1%)

 < 0.001²

Borderline (130–160)

720 (25.6%)

814 (28.7%)

288 (19.7%)

Impaired (≥ 160)

641 (22.8%)

335 (11.8%)

62 (4.2%)

HDL-C

Mean ± SD

46.71 ± 10.11

45.89 ± 11.16

43.62 ± 10.88

 < 0.001¹

Normal (> 60)

288 (10.2%)

288 (10.1%)

75 (5.1%)

 < 0.001²

Borderline (40–60)

1775 (63.0%)

1692 (59.6%)

845 (57.7%)

Impaired (< 40)

754 (26.8%)

860 (30.3%)

544 (37.2%)

Anthropometric indices

BMI

Mean ± SD

26.57 ± 4.65

27.41 ± 4.39

27.96 ± 4.7

 < 0.001¹

Normal (< 25)

1114 (39.5%)

865 (30.5%)

400 (27.3%)

 < 0.001²

Borderline (25–30)

1119 (39.7%)

1226 (43.2%)

622 (42.5%)

Impaired (≥ 30)

584 (20.7%)

749 (26.4%)

442 (30.2%)

WC

(female/male)

Mean ± SD

94.11 ± 12.23

94.25 ± 11.37

97.31 ± 11.09

 < 0.001¹

Normal (< 80 / < 94)

975 (34.6%)

934 (32.9%)

333 (22.7%)

 < 0.001²

Borderline (80–88/94–102)

547 (19.4%)

590 (20.8%)

328 (22.4%)

Impaired (> 88 / > 102)

1295 (46.0%)

1316 (46.3%)

803 (54.8%)

Laboratory inflammatory state

hs-CRP

Mean ± SD

3.28 ± 1.51

4.97 ± 3.78

3.12 ± 4.38

 < 0.001¹

Normal (< 1)

115 (4.1%)

407 (14.3%)

735 (50.2%)

 < 0.001²

Borderline (1–3)

1357 (48.2%)

726 (25.6%)

336 (23.0%)

Impaired (> 3)

1345 (47.7%)

1707 (60.1%)

393 (26.8%)

Number of impaired CVDs risk factors (Impaired level vs. Borderline and Normal levels)

0

290 (10.29)

250 (8.8)

173 (11.82)

 < 0.001²

1

811 (28.79)

774 (27.25)

439 (29.99)

2

992 (35.21)

927 (32.64)

443 (30.26)

3

535 (18.99)

628 (22.11)

292 (19.95)

4

169 (6)

225 (7.92)

105 (7.17)

5

20 (0.71)

36 (1.27)

12 (0.82)