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Table 1 Characteristics of subjects according to the presence or absence of the nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases at baseline (n = 2492)

From: Neck circumference as an independent predictor for NAFLD among postmenopausal women with normal body mass index

Variables

Non-NAFLD

(n = 1724)

NAFLD

(n = 768)

p value

Age (years)

58.7 ± 5.6

58.8 ± 5.3

0.62

Current smoker, n (%)

78 (4.5)

36 (4.7)

0.88

Educational attainment, n (%)

  

0.48

 0–6

448 (26.0)

202 (26.3)

 

 7–9

781 (45.3)

363 (47.3)

 

 ≥ 10

495 (28.7)

203 (26.4)

 

Physical activity, n (%)

  

0.52

 Low

1258 (73.0)

577 (75.1)

 

 Moderate

343 (19.9)

139 (18.1)

 

 High

123 (7.1)

52 (6.8)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

22.22 ± 1.61

23.27 ± 1.40

< 0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

78.2 ± 7.1

82.6 ± 6.6

< 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

127.77 ± 18.13

131.27 ± 18.57

< 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

77.15 ± 9.73

79.47 ± 9.66

< 0.001

FPG (mmol/L)

6.00 ± 1.36

6.68 ± 2.06

< 0.001

PPG (mmol/L)

7.96 ± 3.25

9.87 ± 4.47

< 0.001

HbA1c (%)

5.90 ± 0.84

6.30 ± 1.22

< 0.001

HOMA-IR

1.49 (1.16–1.93)

2.29 (1.65–2.97)

< 0.001

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.33 ± 0.32

1.19 ± 0.30

< 0.001

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.67 ± 0.76

2.71 ± 0.82

0.174

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.74 ± 1.00

4.86 ± 1.06

0.011

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.18 (0.89–1.60)

1.71 (1.21–2.50)

< 0.001

ALT (U/L)

12 (9–16)

15 (11–23)

< 0.001

AST (U/L)

18 (15–22)

19 (16–24)

0.004

GGT (U/L)

15 (11–20)

20 (14–31)

< 0.001

CRP (mg/L)

1.09 (0.58–2.01)

2.04 (1.10–3.16)

< 0.001

Adiponectin (mg/L)

3.81 ± 1.17

3.19 ± 0.97

< 0.001

Neck circumference (cm)

32.0 ± 2.4

33.4 ± 2.6

< 0.001

  1. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate transaminase; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GGT, γ-glutamyltransferase; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PPG, postprandial plasma glucose; SBP, systolic blood pressure