Table 3 Baseline characteristics of subjects with or without development of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases at 3.1 years (n = 1354)
Variables | Non-NAFLD (n = 925) | NAFLD (n = 429) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 58.6 ± 5.7 | 58.7 ± 5.5 | 0.678 |
Current smoker, n (%) | 50 (5.4) | 19 (4.4) | 0.34 |
Educational attainment, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.26 |
 0–6 | 235 (25.4) | 120 (28.0) |  |
 7–9 | 419 (45.3) | 201 (46.9) |  |
   ≥ 10 | 271 (29.3) | 108 (25.2) |  |
Physical activity, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.95 |
 Low | 672 (72.6) | 308 (71.8) |  |
 Moderate | 189 (20.4) | 90 (21.0) |  |
 High | 64 (6.9) | 31 (7.2) |  |
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.95 ± 1.61 | 22.79 ± 1.48 | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 77.3 ± 6.7 | 80.5 ± 6.1 | < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 126.91 ± 17.89 | 129.38 ± 18.29 | 0.023 |
DBP (mmHg) | 76.95 ± 9.66 | 78.21 ± 9.70 | 0.031 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 5.88 ± 1.20 | 6.20 ± 1.55 | < 0.001 |
PPG (mmol/L) | 7.61 ± 2.95 | 8.48 ± 3.42 | < 0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.84 ± 0.71 | 5.93 ± 0.96 | 0.104 |
HOMA-IR | 1.36 (1.00–1.79) | 1.72 (1.36–2.41) | < 0.001 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.36 ± 0.34 | 1.28 ± 0.31 | < 0.001 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.67 ± 0.77 | 2.70 ± 0.76 | 0.552 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.75 ± 1.03 | 4.80 ± 1.00 | 0.464 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.14 (0.86–1.51) | 1.40 (0.99–1.96) | < 0.001 |
ALT (U/L) | 11 (8–15) | 13 (10–16) | < 0.001 |
AST (U/L) | 19 (15–23) | 19 (15–22) | 0.781 |
GGT (U/L) | 14 (11–19) | 16 (12–23) | < 0.001 |
CRP (mg/L) | 1.04 (0.57–1.95) | 1.28 (0.68–2.40) | < 0.001 |
Adiponectin (mg/L) | 3.98 ± 1.16 | 3.46 ± 1.13 | < 0.001 |
Neck circumference (cm) | 31.6 ± 2.2 | 32.4 ± 2.2 | < 0.001 |