Fig. 1

a Serum urate levels in patients with gout/hyperuricemia were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (P < 0.0001). b Hyperuricemia and gout patients had significantly lower serum estradiol levels than healthy controls (P < 0.01). c Regression analysis of age and levels of serum estradiol and urate. The results showed that age had no significant effect on the levels of serum estradiol and urate (coefficient = 0.024, P = 0.886) and that the levels of serum estradiol and urate were significantly negatively correlated (coefficient = − 0.466, P = 0.008). sUA serum urate, HUA hyperuricemia and gout patients