Skip to main content

Table 3 Comparison of metabolic and hormonal parameters in study groups before and after the intervention

From: Metabolic and hormonal effects of melatonin and/or magnesium supplementation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Variables

The study groups

P**

Placebo (n = 20)

Melatonin + Mg (n = 22)

Melatonin (n = 21)

Mg (n = 21)

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

AMD

Mean ± SD

AMD

Mean ± SD

AMD

# PSQI

Before

5.58 (1.00, 17.00)

6.45 (3.00, 13.00)

− 0.31

5.65 (1.00, 13.00)

− 0.29

4.30 (1.00, 13.00)

− 0.08

< 0.001

After

3.99 (1.00, 17.00) ab

3.52 (1.00, 7.00) cd

 

3.18 (1.00, 12.00) cd

 

3.82 (1.00, 13.00) ab

  

GMD

− 1.59 (− 28.49)

− 2.93 (− 45.42)

 

− 2.47 (− 43.71)

 

− 0.48 (− 11.16)

  

P*

0.17

 < 0.001

 

 < 0.001

 

0.155

  

FBS (mg/dl)

Before

80.90 ± 5.59

88.68 ± 11.64

0.60

82.47 ± 8.09

− 0.86

82.04 ± 7.05

0.48

0.930

After

81.35 ± 7.29

85.23 ± 9.23

 

81.41 ± 8.71

 

82.19 ± 8.04

  

MD

0.45 ± 6.56

− 3.45 ± 11.45

 

− 1.05 ± 9.05

 

0.14 ± 7.17

  

P*

0.761

0.172

 

0.599

 

0.928

  

#Insulin (mIU/mL)

Before

6.40 (1.30, 67.90)

6.94 (1.70, 21.00)

− 0.15

7.42 (2.80, 67.90)

− 0.06

6.29 (2.30, 45.60)

− 0.07

0.169

After

6.98 (1.50, 22.40)

5.83 (1.50, 11.00)

 

7.87 (2.90, 20.10)

 

6.74 (3.00, 15.50)

  

GMD

0.58 (9.06)

− 1.11 (− 15.99)

 

0.45 (6.06)

 

0.45 (7.15)

  

P*

0.049

0.010

 

0.837

 

0.653

  

#HOMA-IR

Before

1.31 (0.25, 14.08)

1.50 (0.37, 5.00)

− 0.07

1.48 (0.48, 14.08)

− 0.03

1.27 (0.44, 9.23)

− 0.03

0.355

After

1.41 (0.32, 5.83)

1.22 (0.32, 2.61)

 

1.57 (0.48, 4.81)

 

1.36 (0.58, 3.64)

  

GMD

0.10 (7.63)

− 0.28 (− 18.66)

 

0.09 (6.08)

 

0.09 (7.08)

  

P*

0.053

0.006

 

0.859

 

0.662

  

#HOMA-B

Before

120.00 (24.48, 896.00)

108.06 (24.48, 290.77)

− 0.15

140.25 (38.67, 622.80)

− 0.01

127.70 (55.20, 864.00)

− 0.05

0.235

After

138.04 (23.13, 979.20)

104.78 (23.13, 540.00)

 

167.69 (51.23, 590.40)

 

139.25 (54.58, 979.20)

  

GMD

18.04 (15.03)

− 3.28 (− 3.03)

 

27.44 (19.56)

 

11.55 (9.04)

  

P*

0.097

0.802

 

0.479

 

0.611

  

TG (mg/dl)

Before

133.00 ± 50.05

159.59 ± 80.90

29.77

129.42 ± 73.18

11.45

143.23 ± 69.63

23.03

0.158

After

116.66 ± 37.97

157.96 ± 67.51

 

126.41 ± 46.00

 

144.96 ± 66.86

  

MD

− 16.33 ± 44.88

4.00 ± 61.87

 

− 3.01 ± 55.45

 

1.72 ± 50.30

  

P*

0.120

0.770

 

0.806

 

0.877

  

Cholesterol (mg/dl)

Before

160.90 ± 24.07

175.81 ± 34.67

− 3.26

162.85 ± 29.98

8.55

164.76 ± 28.80

3.97

0.122

After

153.22 ± 20.29

159.73 ± 23.54

 

162.11 ± 24.45

 

160.09 ± 27.11

  

MD

− 7.67 ± 19.54

− 16.08 ± 18.40

 

− 0.73 ± 20.94

 

− 4.66 ± 20.71

  

P*

0.095

0.001

 

0.873

 

0.315

  

LDL-C (mg/dl)

Before

91.56 ± 20.88

101.30 ± 28.55

− 8.72

94.38 ± 22.99

3.55

92.42 ± 29.19

− 2.53

0.070

After

84.70 ± 18.03

82.33 ± 15.72

 

91.68 ± 21.65

 

85.99 ± 22.41

  

MD

− 6.86 ± 18.05

− 18.96 ± 22.02

 

− 2.70 ± 17.26

 

− 6.42 ± 20.62

  

P*

0.106

0.001

 

0.481

 

0.169

  

HDL-C (mg/dl)

Before

42.73 ± 7.22

42.60 ± 11.47

0.98

42.58 ± 8.78

1.60

43.68 ± 8.72

0.43

0.615

After

43.92 ± 6.87

44.79 ± 11.31

 

45.35 ± 9.62

 

45.22 ± 7.60

  

MD

1.19 ± 2.91

2.19 ± 3.56

 

2.76 ± 4.81

 

1.54 ± 4.72

  

P*

0.084

0.009

 

0.016

 

0.151

  

#Testosterone (ng/ml)

Before

0.34 (0.10, 1.20)

0.36 (0.10, 1.20)

− 0.04

0.40 (0.10, 0.90)

− 0.02

0.28 (0.10, 0.70)

− 0.03

0.017

After

0.31 (0.10, 0.90)a

0.27 (0.10, 0.90) d

 

0.34 (0.10, 0.70)

 

0.26 (0.10, 0.80)

  

GMD

− 0.03 (− 8.82)

− 0.09 (− 25.00)

 

− 0.06 (− 15.00)

 

− 0.02 (− 7.14)

  

P*

0.08

< 0.001

 

0.03

 

0.713

  

#SHBG (nmol/l)

Before

23.18 (5.20, 84.60)

21.82 (5.20, 84.60)

− 0.001

19.66 (5.60, 76.40)

− 0.006

27.69 (14.00, 72.70)

0.04

0.720

After

20.79 (4.90, 115.00)

19.35 (5.60, 115.00)

 

17.66 (4.90, 58.82)

 

25.95 (15.30, 57.00)

  

GMD

− 2.39 (− 10.31)

− 2.47 (− 11.31)

 

− 2.00 (− 10.17)

 

− 1.74 (− 6.28)

  

P*

0.065

0.077

 

0.142

 

0.621

  

#FAI

Before

1.49 (0.26, 12.50)

1.69 (0.32, 9.62)

− 0.10

2.05 (0.26, 12.50)

− 0.04

1.01 (0.26, 5.00)

− 0.09

0.161

After

1.51 (0.17, 14.29)

1.40 (0.17, 5.68)

 

1.95 (0.26, 14.29)

 

1.01 (0.18, 4.73)

  

GMD

0.02 (1.34)

− 0.29 (− 17.15)

 

− 0.10 (− 4.87)

 

0 (0)

  

P*

0.011

0.112

 

0.648

 

0.985

  

#Leptin (ng/ml)

Before

31.07 (4.60, 72.30)

35.71 (8.40, 93.40)

− 0.03

35.58 (13.60, 114.20)

− 0.02

35.50 (14.70, 78.60)

− 0.06

0.645

After

31.46 (6.60, 84.10)

32.55 (14.10, 74.78)

 

32.93 (15.00, 103.00)

 

30.28 (8.10, 78.60)

  

GMD

0.39 (1.25)

− 3.16 (− 8.84)

 

− 2.65 (− 7.44)

 

− 5.22 (− 14.70)

  

P*

0.866

0.226

 

0.180

 

0.189

  
  1. Means ± SD are presented for normally distributed data
  2. #Data are Geometric Means (Min, Max) and Difference in geometric means (percent change percent in geometric means)
  3. P* values based on paired sample t test
  4. P** values based on Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) followed by Sidak’s test after adjustment of baseline values and energy intake
  5. AMD (Adjusted Mean Difference): Adjusted meanTreatment – Adjusted meanplacebo; MD (Mean Difference): Meanafter – Meanbefore
  6. aP value less than 0.05 vs. melatonin and magnesium group
  7. bP value less than 0.05 versus melatonin group
  8. cP value less than 0.05 versus magnesium group
  9. dP value less than 0.05 versus placebo group
  10. PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, FBS fasting blood sugar, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, HOMA-B homeostasis model of assessment β cell function, TG triglycerides, HDL-C high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, SHBG sex hormone-binding globulin, FAI free androgen index, GMD geometric mean difference
Back to article page

Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

Contact us