Characteristics | Overall (N = 53,916) | Frequency of spicy food consumption | Ptrend | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Never (N = 34,513) | < 1 times/week (N = 12,781) | 1–2 times/week (N = 3109) | ≥ 3 times/week (N = 3513) | |||
Mean age (years)a | 52.5 ± 9.9 | 53.8 ± 9.9 | 50.8 ± 9.4 | 48.6 ± 8.8 | 48.5 ± 9.0 | < 0.0001 |
Females (%)b | 58.1 | 62.2 | 53.2 | 47.3 | 43.4 | < 0.0001 |
No formal education (%) | 43.5 | 44.5 | 41.1 | 39.5 | 41.9 | < 0.0001 |
Income ≥ 35,000 (yuan) (%) | 37.8 | 36.2 | 43.8 | 33.1 | 34.6 | 0.51 |
Current smokers (%) | 28.0 | 26.9 | 29.1 | 29.7 | 31.3 | < 0.0001 |
Current drinkers (%) | 17.1 | 14.1 | 20.0 | 22.8 | 26.9 | < 0.0001 |
Physical activities (MET-h/d) | 30.6 ± 15.3 | 30.6 ± 15.2 | 31.0 ± 15.2 | 30.7 ± 15.0 | 30.2 ± 15.9 | 0.0024 |
Consuming meat daily (%) | 15.2 | 13.2 | 16.5 | 20.4 | 24.5 | < 0.0001 |
Consuming fruit daily (%) | 6.7 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 11.6 | 14.6 | < 0.0001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.9 ± 3.1 | 22.8 ± 3.1 | 23.0 ± 3.1 | 23.0 ± 3.0 | 23.3 ± 3.1 | < 0.0001 |
WC (cm) | 76.5 ± 9.1 | 76.3 ± 9.0 | 76.9 ± 9.0 | 76.6 ± 9.1 | 77.1 ± 9.3 | < 0.0001 |
Habitual snoring (%) | 24.3 | 23.4 | 26.0 | 25.3 | 26.7 | < 0.0001 |
Sleep duration (hours) | 7.6 ± 1.2 | 7.6 ± 1.2 | 7.6 ± 1.1 | 7.8 ± 1.1 | 7.7 ± 1.2 | < 0.0001 |
Women with menopause (%)b,c | 53.9 | 54.0 | 53.0 | 52.5 | 52.6 | 0.65 |