|
Characteristics
|
Overall (N = 53,916)
|
Frequency of spicy food consumption
|
Ptrend
|
|---|
|
Never (N = 34,513)
|
< 1 times/week (N = 12,781)
|
1–2 times/week (N = 3109)
|
≥ 3 times/week (N = 3513)
|
|---|
|
Mean age (years)a
|
52.5 ± 9.9
|
53.8 ± 9.9
|
50.8 ± 9.4
|
48.6 ± 8.8
|
48.5 ± 9.0
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Females (%)b
|
58.1
|
62.2
|
53.2
|
47.3
|
43.4
|
< 0.0001
|
|
No formal education (%)
|
43.5
|
44.5
|
41.1
|
39.5
|
41.9
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Income ≥ 35,000 (yuan) (%)
|
37.8
|
36.2
|
43.8
|
33.1
|
34.6
|
0.51
|
|
Current smokers (%)
|
28.0
|
26.9
|
29.1
|
29.7
|
31.3
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Current drinkers (%)
|
17.1
|
14.1
|
20.0
|
22.8
|
26.9
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Physical activities (MET-h/d)
|
30.6 ± 15.3
|
30.6 ± 15.2
|
31.0 ± 15.2
|
30.7 ± 15.0
|
30.2 ± 15.9
|
0.0024
|
|
Consuming meat daily (%)
|
15.2
|
13.2
|
16.5
|
20.4
|
24.5
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Consuming fruit daily (%)
|
6.7
|
5.6
|
6.7
|
11.6
|
14.6
|
< 0.0001
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
22.9 ± 3.1
|
22.8 ± 3.1
|
23.0 ± 3.1
|
23.0 ± 3.0
|
23.3 ± 3.1
|
< 0.0001
|
|
WC (cm)
|
76.5 ± 9.1
|
76.3 ± 9.0
|
76.9 ± 9.0
|
76.6 ± 9.1
|
77.1 ± 9.3
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Habitual snoring (%)
|
24.3
|
23.4
|
26.0
|
25.3
|
26.7
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Sleep duration (hours)
|
7.6 ± 1.2
|
7.6 ± 1.2
|
7.6 ± 1.1
|
7.8 ± 1.1
|
7.7 ± 1.2
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Women with menopause (%)b,c
|
53.9
|
54.0
|
53.0
|
52.5
|
52.6
|
0.65
|
- Data were adjusted for age and sex unless specified
- MET metabolic equivalent of task, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference
- aAdjusted for sex
- bAdjusted for age
- cOnly in women
