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Table 5 Adjusted odds ratios for hypertension associated with consuming spicy food daily versus never according to participant characteristics

From: Association between frequency of spicy food consumption and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in Zhejiang Province, China

 

N. hypertension

ORs (95% CI)

Pheterogeneity

Age group (years)

  

0.67

 30–49

4139

0.76 (0.64–0.90)

 

 50–79

12,222

0.72 (0.61–0.86)

 

Education level

  

0.51

 No formal education

8739

0.86 (0.70–1.04)

 

 Primary or above

7622

0.79 (0.67–0.92)

 

Household income

  

0.69

 < 35,000 (yuan)

10,602

0.80 (0.69–0.93)

 

 ≥ 35,000 (yuan)

5759

0.84 (0.68–1.04)

 

Physical activity (MET-h/d)

  

0.06

 < 30

9344

0.72 (0.61–0.86)

 

 ≥ 30

7017

0.91 (0.77–1.08)

 

Smoking status

  

0.14

 Current smokers

4059

0.90 (0.75–1.08)

 

 Non-current smokers

12,302

0.75 (0.63–0.88)

 

Alcohol status

  

0.02

 Current drinkers

2654

0.98 (0.80–1.20)

 

 Non-current drinkers

13,707

0.72 (0.62–0.84)

 

Meat consumption

  

0.41

 Daily

2006

0.75 (0.60–0.94)

 

 Non-daily

14,355

0.84 (0.73–0.97)

 

Fruit consumption

  

0.59

 Daily

795

0.88 (0.63–1.22)

 

 Non-daily

15,566

0.80 (0.70–0.91)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

  

0.34

 < 25

11,260

0.86 (0.74–0.99)

 

 ≥ 25

5101

0.76 (0.61–0.94)

 

WC

  

0.97

 Normal

7103

0.81 (0.67–0.97)

 

 Excessive

9258

0.81 (0.69–0.95)

 

Sleep duration (hours/day)

  

0.29

 < 7.6

7377

0.75 (0.61–0.91)

 

 ≥ 7.6

8984

0.85 (0.73–0.99)

 

Menopause status

  

0.94

 Menopausal

6841

0.80 (0.59–1.08)

 

 Non-menopausal

2777

0.79 (0.61–1.01)

 
  1. Odds ratios were adjusted for age (continuous) and sex, education level (no formal school, primary school, middle school and high school or above), household income (≤ 19,999 yuan, 20,000–34 999 yuan, ≥ 35,000 yuan), cigarettes consumption (never, occasional, former, and current), alcohol consumption (never, occasional, former, and current), physical activity (continuous), meat consumption (daily and non-daily), fruit consumption (daily and non-daily), BMI (continuous), WC (continuous), snoring (never, occasional, and habitual), sleep duration (continuous)
  2. ORs odds ratios, CI confidence intervals, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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