Table 2 Odds ratios of incident hyperuricemia associated with BMI, waist circumference, and WHtR in middle-aged and older Chinese population

BMI, kg/m²

  < 18.5

173

7 (4.05)

0.41 (0.19–0.91)

0.44 (0.20–0.97)

0.49 (0.21–1.12)

 18.5–23.9

1542

133 (8.63)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 24–27.9

831

93 (11.19)

1.49 (1.11–1.99)

1.32 (0.98–1.77)

1.19 (0.86–1.64)

 ≥ 28

349

60 (17.19)

2.71 (1.91–3.85)

2.20 (1.52–3.18)

1.76 (1.18–2.64)

 P for trend

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.022

BMI, per SD increase (3.62 kg/m²)

2895

293 (10.12)

1.60 (1.42–1.82)

1.49 (1.31–1.70)

1.36 (1.17–1.57)

Waist circumference (quartiles), cm

 First (men, < 77.5; women, < 79.1)

721

38 (5.27)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Second (men, 77.5–83.9; women, 79.1–85.9)

698

54 (7.74)

1.47 (0.96–2.27)

1.39 (0.90–2.14)

1.38 (0.87–2.18)

 Third (men, 84–90.9; women, 86–93.09)

744

88 (11.83)

2.40 (1.61–3.58)

2.20 (1.47–3.28)

1.84 (1.20–2.83)

 Fourth (men, ≥ 91; women, ≥ 93.1)

732

113 (15.44)

3.24 (2.20–4.78)

2.67 (1.78–4.00)

2.12 (1.38–3.27)

 P for trend

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Waist circumference, cm

 < 90 (men) or < 85 (women)

1665

127 (7.63)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 ≥ 90 (men) or ≥ 85 (women)

1230

166 (13.50)

2.15 (1.66–2.78)

1.86 (1.42–2.43)

1.57 (1.17–2.10)

Waist circumference, per SD increase (9.88 cm)

2895

293 (10.12)

1.55 (1.37–1.76)

1.45 (1.27–1.65)

1.34 (1.17–1.53)

WHtR (quartiles)

 First (< 0.493)

723

39 (5.39)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Second (0.493–0.534)

724

67 (9.25)

1.88 (1.24–2.84)

1.79 (1.18–2.71)

1.51 (0.97–2.36)

 Third (0.535–0.584)

724

74 (10.22)

2.26 (1.50–3.41)

2.02 (1.33–3.06)

1.61 (1.03–2.51)

 Fourth (≥ 0.585)

724

113 (15.61)

4.35 (2.89–6.55)

3.65 (2.40–5.56)

2.75 (1.75–4.31)

 P for trend

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

WHtR

 < 0.5

823

48 (5.83)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 ≥ 0.5

2072

245 (11.82)

2.41 (1.73–3.36)

2.13 (1.52–2.98)

1.78 (1.24–2.55)

WHtR, per SD increase (0.065)

2895

293 (10.12)

1.66 (1.45–1.89)

1.55 (1.35–1.78)

1.42 (1.22–1.65)