Variables | Total (n = 5377) | Non-MAFLD (n = 3806) | MAFLD (n = 1571) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic variables | ||||
Men (%) | 2173 (40.4) | 1618 (42.5) | 555 (35.3) | < 0.001 |
Age (years) | 67 (60–71) | 67 (57–71) | 67 (63–71) | < 0.001 |
Married (%) | 4744 (88.4) | 3363 (88.5) | 1381 (88.2) | 0.825 |
High school and above (%) | 963 (17.9) | 654 (17.2) | 309 (19.7) | 0.033 |
High-income (%) | 2831 (53.5) | 1931 (51.5) | 900 (58.5) | < 0.001 |
Chronic disease | ||||
Hypertension (%) | 3136 (58.3) | 2022 (53.1) | 1114 (70.9) | < 0.001 |
T2DM (%) | 830 (15.4) | 438 (11.5) | 392 (25.0) | < 0.001 |
Metabolic dysregulation (%) | 1888 (35.2) | 913 (24.1) | 975 (62.2) | < 0.001 |
Overweight/obesity (%) | 3419 (63.7) | 2000 (52.7) | 1419 (90.5) | < 0.001 |
Central obesity (%) | 3001 (56.0) | 1694 (44.6) | 1307 (83.4) | < 0.001 |
Drugs | ||||
Antihypertensive (%) | 1771 (33.1) | 1060 (28.0) | 711 (45.6) | < 0.001 |
Hypoglycemic drugs (%) | 628 (11.8) | 335 (8.9) | 293 (18.8) | < 0.001 |
Lipid-lowering drugs (%) | 152 (2.8) | 96 (2.5) | 56 (3.6) | 0.042 |
Physical index | ||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.31 ± 3.52 | 23.3 ± 3.12 | 26.75 ± 3.22 | < 0.001 |
WC (cm) | 85.48 ± 9.54 | 82.98 ± 8.87 | 91.53 ± 8.32 | < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 136.77 ± 19.50 | 135.10 ± 19.61 | 140.80 ± 18.65 | < 0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 81.52 ± 10.84 | 80.90 ± 10.89 | 83.01 ± 10.58 | < 0.001 |
Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 55.25 ± 15.36 | 54.20 ± 15.15 | 57.79 ± 15.58 | < 0.001 |
MAP (mmHg) | 99.94 ± 12.36 | 98.97 ± 12.5 | 102.28 ± 11.69 | < 0.001 |
Clinical index |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 4.95 (4.55–5.52) | 4.85 (4.48–5.33) | 5.27 (4.77–6.03) | < 0.001 |
ALT (IU/L) | 20 (16–27) | 19 (15–25) | 23 (18–32) | < 0.001 |
AST (IU/L) | 22 (18–26) | 21 (18–25) | 22 (19–27) | < 0.001 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.34 (0.96–1.95) | 1.20 (0.88–1.69) | 1.80 (1.29–2.53) | < 0.001 |
TC (mmol/L) | 5.23 ± 1.07 | 5.2 ± 1.07 | 5.31 ± 1.07 | < 0.001 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.36 ± 0.34 | 1.4 ± 0.36 | 1.25 ± 0.27 | < 0.001 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.21 ± 0.91 | 3.19 ± 0.91 | 3.27 ± 0.92 | 0.003 |
UA (μmol/L) | 364.68 ± 98.07 | 353.02 ± 95.35 | 392.92 ± 98.86 | < 0.001 |
Lifestyle | ||||
Current smoking (%) | 724 (13.5) | 584 (15.3) | 140 (8.9) | < 0.001 |
Drinking (%) | 267 (5.0) | 182 (4.8) | 85 (5.4) | 0.366 |
Physical activity (MET-min/week) | 1779 (1386–3465) | 2076 (1386–3906) | 1386 (1386–3066) | < 0.001 |
Frequency of soups (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 < 1 per month | 894 (16.8) | 580 (15.4) | 314 (20.2) |  |
 < 1 per week | 166 (3.1) | 113 (3.0) | 53 (3.4) |  |
 1–2 per week | 712 (13.4) | 495 (13.1) | 217 (14.0) |  |
 3–4 per week | 2083 (39.1) | 1588 (42.0) | 495 (31.9) |  |
 5–6 per week | 730 (13.7) | 530 (14.0) | 200 (12.9) |  |
 Daily | 745 (14.0) | 471 (12.5) | 274 (17.6) |  |