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Fig. 1 | Nutrition & Metabolism

Fig. 1

From: Dihydromyricetin attenuates palmitic acid-induced oxidative stress by promoting autophagy via SIRT3-ATG4B signaling in hepatocytes

Fig. 1

DHM inhibits PA-induced oxidative stress in hepatocytes. HepG2 cells were pretreated with 20 μM of DHM or the vehicle (0.5% DMSO) for 2 h, followed by the treatment of 0.2 mM of PA for an additional 16 h. A, B HepG2 cells were labeled with DCFH-DA probe and the intracellular ROS levels were measured by FCM assay. C, D HepG2 cells were labeled with MitoSOX™ Red probe and the mitochondria ROS (mtROS) levels were quantified by FCM assay. E, F HepG2 cells were labeled with JC-1 probe and the MMP level was quantified by FCM assay. G HepG2 cells were stained with MitoTracker Red and counterstained with DAPI. Representative images were acquired by a laser scanning confocal microscope, scale bars: 10 μm. H Representative TEM images of HepG2 cells at a magnification of ×8000 (left) and ×30,000 (right). The red arrows indicate mitochondria, and the blue arrow indicates an autophagosome. I The percentage of normal mitochondria in TEM images. Graphs showed mean ± SEM; n = 3; data were from one experiment out of three. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, compared between the marked groups; ns no significant difference

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