Table 3 Risk of bias assessment of the included articles
Authors/study | Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Allocation sequence concealment (selection bias) | Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) | Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) | Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) | Selective outcome reporting (reporting bias) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rezaei et al. [47] | L | L | L | U | L | U |
Raygan et al. [51] | L | L | L | L | L | L |
Yang et al. [29] | L | L | L | U | L | U |
Edel et al. [34] | L | U | L | U | L | L |
Akrami et al. [52] | L | H | U | H | L | U |
de Oliveira et al. [41] | H | L | L | L | L | U |
Yari et al. [48] | L | H | H | U | L | U |
Yari et al. [49] | U | U | U | L | L | U |
Cassani et al. [40] | U | L | H | U | L | U |
Machado et al. [22] | U | L | L | U | L | U |
Brahe et al. [44] | L | L | L | L | L | U |
Torkan et al. [50] | U | H | U | H | L | L |
Saxena et al. [46] | U | H | U | H | U | L |
Dittrich et al. [45] | U | L | L | L | L | U |
Soltani et al. [53] | H | U | H | H | L | L |
Hutchins et al. [21] | H | U | U | L | L | U |
Faintuch et al. [43] | U | L | L | L | L | U |
Gillingham et al. [35] | L | L | H | L | L | U |
Rhee et al. [33] | U | L | U | U | L | U |
Fukumitsu et al. [20] | U | U | L | U | L | L |
Wu et al. [28] | U | H | U | U | U | U |
Bloedon et al. [23] | U | L | L | U | L | L |
Patade et al. [30] | U | U | L | U | L | L |
Zhang et al. [19] | U | U | L | U | L | L |
Faintuch et al. [42] | U | L | L | L | L | U |
Paschos et al. [37] | U | L | L | U | L | U |
Rallidis et al. [39] | U | U | U | L | L | U |
Rallidis et al. [38] | U | U | L | U | L | L |
Jenkins et al. [36] | U | U | U | U | L | L |
Arjmandi et al., [31] | U | U | L | U | L | L |
Bierenbaum et al. [32] | U | L | H | U | L | U |