|
Variables
|
Normal control
|
Normal + Betanin (40 mg/kg)
|
Diabetic control
|
Diabetic + betanin (10 mg/kg)
|
Diabetic + betanin (20 mg/kg)
|
Diabetic + betanin (40 mg/kg)
|
Diabetic + glibenclamide
|
|---|
|
TC (mg/dL)
|
72.33 ± 5.35
|
70.60 ± 9.21
|
129.20 ± 8.11†††
|
115.50 ± 11.90##
|
98.40 ± 11.26ϕϕϕ,**
|
124.80 ± 7.59###
|
91.00 ± 11.25ϕϕϕ
|
|
LDL-C, (mg/dL)
|
15.83 ± 3.71
|
18.80 ± 5.40
|
57.00 ± 3.61†††
|
35.50 ± 2.64ϕϕϕ,***
|
30.00 ± 2.74ϕϕϕ,***
|
50.60 ± 5.94###
|
29.20 ± 4.82ϕϕϕ
|
|
HDL-C, (mg/dL)
|
43.83 ± 5.74
|
47.80 ± 4.76
|
23.40 ± 2.97†††
|
35.00 ± 3.56ϕϕ,***
|
35.20 ± 2.49ϕϕ,***
|
20.60 ± 2.07###
|
40.40 ± 2.41ϕϕϕ
|
|
TG, (mg/dL)
|
105.33 ± 52.83
|
91.20 ± 18.70
|
209.00 ± 63.28††
|
113.75 ± 17.56ϕ
|
98.60 ± 23.03ϕϕ
|
165.40 ± 59.47
|
99.60 ± 10.45ϕϕ
|
|
ALT, (U/L)
|
83.17 ± 12.32
|
82.40 ± 9.48
|
152.60 ± 10.97†††
|
138.75 ± 7.93
|
123.20 ± 9.68ϕϕ,**
|
148.80 ± 6.30
|
130.40 ± 12.70ϕ
|
|
AST, (U/L)
|
104.17 ± 17.52
|
105.60 ± 18.23
|
208.60 ± 25.28†††
|
141.25 ± 10.69ϕϕϕ,***
|
132.20 ± 10.64ϕϕϕ,***
|
198.00 ± 7.55###
|
140.20 ± 15.83ϕϕϕ
|
- Data were expressed as mean ± SD
- TC: total cholesterol, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG: triglyceride, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, AST: aspartate aminotransferase
- ††P < 0.01, †††P < 0.001 versus normal control group
- ϕP < 0.05, ϕϕP < 0.01, ϕϕϕP < 0.001 versus diabetic control group
- ###P < 0.001 versus diabetic + glibenclamide group
- **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 versus diabetic + betanin 40 mg/kg group (differences among diabetic rats received betanin)
