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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants according to CVD events

From: The association between dietary fats and the incidence risk of cardiovascular outcomes: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Baseline characteristics

CVD+

(n = 198)

CVD−

(n = 2611)

P_value

Age, year

57.06 ± 10.25

38.22 ± 13.36

 < 0.001

Male, %

65.7

42.3

 < 0.001

Current smoker, %

16.2

8.8

0.003

Low physical activity*, %

40.2

38.2

0.591

Body mass index, kg/m2

28.48 ± 4.61

26.84 ± 4.88

 < 0.001

Waist circumference, cm

97.91 ± 10.67

88.81 ± 13.27

 < 0.001

Hypertension, %

78.9

21.1

 < 0.001

TG to HDL ratio†

4.26 (2.98–6.37)

2.82 (1.79–4.53)

 < 0.001

Serum TG (mg/dL)†

165 (123–211)

117 (81–170)

 < 0.001

Serum cholesterol (mg/dL)

208.7 ± 42.14

184.4 ± 37.98

 < 0.001

Serum LDL-C (mg/dL)

134.0 ± 36.25

113.7 ± 32.16

 < 0.001

Serum HDL-C (mg/dL)

39.48 ± 8.59

43.14 ± 10.40

 < 0.001

Total energy intake, kcal/day

2240 ± 726

2257 ± 719

0.757

Total fat intake, g/day†

66.59 (51.90–88.95)

73.77 (56.67–96.53)

0.009

Total protein intake, g/day†

72.40 (59.44–88.77)

72.86 (57.66–93.05)

0.659

Total carbohydrate intake, g/day†

314 (253–395)

308 (241–388)

0.315

Total saturated fats intake, g/day†

21.10 (16.99–27.97)

24.23 (18.40–32.44)

 < 0.001

Lauric acid (12:0), g/day†

0.63 (0.43–0.87)

0.74 (0.50–1.06)

 < 0.001

Myristic acid (14:0), g/day†

1.75 (1.14–2.41)

1.97 (1.37–2.71)

0.001

Palmitic acid (16:0), g/day†

10.44 (8.01–14.14)

11.37 (8.59–14.84)

0.060

Stearic acid (18:0), g/day†

4.15 (3.14–5.40)

4.65 (3.48–6.23)

 < 0.001

Total mono-unsaturated fats intake, g/day†

22.48 (17.62–30.42)

25.34 (19.19–33.42)

0.003

Total poly-unsaturated fats intake, g/day†

14.10 (10.30–19.65)

15.22 (10.76–20.03)

0.103

Total omega-3, g/day†

1.14 (0.74–1.56)

1.18 (0.81–1.60)

0.320

Total omega-6, g/day†

11.92 (8.53–17.05)

13.10 (9.08–17.41)

0.080

Omega-6/ omega-3 ratio†

11.11 (9.05–13.51)

11.39 (9.35–13.41)

0.370

Animal fats, g/day†

33.43 (26.03–45.33)

38.78 (28.77–52.53)

 < 0.001

Plant-base fats, g/day†

32.51 (20.73–43.86)

33.73 (21.90–45.45)

0.285

Total cholesterol intake, mg/day†

172 (135–242)

197 (142–273)

0.005

Tea and coffee intake, mL/day†

750 (251–1000)

501 (251–758)

0.024

  1. Values are shown as mean ± SD and number (%), for continuous and categorical variables, respectively
  2. TG Triglyceride, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol
  3. †Values are shown as median (Interquartile range)
  4. *Modifiable activity questionnaire (MAQ) scores ≤ 600 METs-min/week was considered as low physical activity
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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