Edible red seaweed Campylaephora hypnaeoides J. Agardh alleviates obesity and related metabolic disorders in mice by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory response

Table 2 The effects of C. hypnaeoides on the oxidant, anti-oxidant, and inflammatory markers of the serum and liver in C57BL/6 J mice fed a high-fat diet

Variables	Normal	HF	HF + ChL	HF + ChH
Serum
MDA (nmol/mL)	1.51 ± 0.17	2.64 ± 0.47^##	2.11 ± 0.31*	1.85 ± 0.37**
adiponectin (μg/mL)	22.8 ± 0.97	16.2 ± 1.4^##	16.7 ± 3.0	20.9 ± 1.8*
TNF-α (pg/mL)	4.21 ± 1.4	10.66 ± 3.3^##	8.93 ± 1.7	5.93 ± 2.1*
MCP-1 (pg/mL)	32.7 ± 5.8	45.0 ± 9.7^#	35.2 ± 7.3*	26.4 ± 5.9*
Liver
MDA (nmol/mg protein)	6.53 ± 1.3	16.1 ± 4.3^##	11.3 ± 2.8 *	10.3 ± 2.0**
GSH (nmol/mg protein)	81.8 ± 15	59.3 ± 18^#	65.3 ± 18	77.2 ± 13*
SOD (U/mg protein)	8.34 ± 1.5	5.54 ± 1.5^##	6.21 ± 2.3	9.15 ± 3.3*
TNF-α (pg/mg protein)	5.14 ± 1.2	12.35 ± 3.2^##	7.67 ± 1.6**	6.51 ± 1.4**
IL-6 (pg/mg protein)	1.47 ± 0.21	2.18 ± 0.45^##	1.99 ± 0.44	1.63 ± 0.28*

MDA malondialdehyde, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor α, MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, GSH glutathione, SOD superoxide dismutase
Data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 6–8). Statistical significance: ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01 versus Normal group, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus HF group

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