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Fig. 3 | Nutrition & Metabolism

Fig. 3

From: A comprehensive insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the effects of Propolis on preserving renal function: a systematic review

Fig. 3

The important suggested mechanisms for the effect of Propolis on dyslipidemia in A liver by inhibiting cholesterol and triglyceride synthesis and inducing ß-oxidation and cholesterol-bile acid turnover, B gastrointestinal system by inhibiting the absorption of triglyceride and probably cholesterol, and C adipose tissue by regulation of fat accumulation and lipolysis and dyslipidemia-induced renal damage. Abbreviations: CYP7A1, Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase; SREBP, Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins; FAS, fatty acid synthase; ACAC-α, acetyl-CoA carboxylase α; HMGCS-1, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 1; HMGCR, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase; SQLE, Squalene Epoxidase; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; FA, fatty acid; TG, triglyceride; ROS, reactive oxygen species; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; ECM, extracellular matrix

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