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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of populations with and without NAFLD

From: Association of serum methionine metabolites with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study

Characteristics

Overall

NAFLD (n = 1446)

Non-NAFLD (n = 1368)

P value

Demographics

Age (years)

60.84 ± 5.76

61.97 ± 5.45

60.71 ± 6.06

0.221

Sex (male)

868 (30.85)

468 (32.37)

400 (29.24)

0.073

Anthropometrics

BMI (kg/m2)

23.61 ± 3.16

25.01 ± 3.00

22.13 ± 2.60

< 0.001

Waist (cm)

84.91 ± 8.80

88.34 ± 8.15

81.29 ± 7.98

< 0.001

WHR

0.92 ± 0.07

0.94 ± 0.06

0.90 ± 0.07

< 0.001

Trunk fat percentage (%)

33.62 ± 6.74

35.65 ± 5.85

31.49 ± 6.95

< 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

125.21 ± 17.93

128.37 ± 17.51

121.88 ± 17.76

< 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

75.57 ± 10.37

77.56 ± 10.16

73.48 ± 10.18

< 0.001

Blood biochemical indices

Fasting glucose (mM)

4.80 [4.39, 5.31]

4.85 [4.43, 5.41]

4.72 [4.33, 5.21]

< 0.001

Fasting insulin (μU/mL)

7.77 [5.39, 11.21]

9.97 [7.00, 13.86]

6.08 [4.42, 8.27]

< 0.001

HOMA-IR

1.67 [1.11, 2.54]

2.18 [1.49, 3.18]

1.30 [0.90, 1.84]

< 0.001

AST/ALT

1.20 [0.96, 1.45]

1.09 [0.87, 1.33]

1.30 [1.08, 1.56]

< 0.001

TC (mM)

5.59 ± 1.05

5.56 ± 1.03

5.63 ± 1.07

0.059

TG (mM)

1.26 [0.90, 1.78]

1.44 [1.04, 2.06]

1.08 [0.81, 1.50]

< 0.001

HDL-C (mM)

1.43 ± 0.41

1.32 ± 0.36

1.55 ± 0.43

< 0.001

LDL-C (mM)

3.60 ± 0.91

3.62 ± 0.90

3.57 ± 0.91

0.140

UA (μM)

350.50 ± 84.32

364.68 ± 83.31

335.49 ± 82.80

< 0.001

ALP (U/L)

70.07 [58.87, 83.07]

71.25 [59.47, 84.08]

68.85 [58.23, 81.76]

 < 0.001

hsCRP (mg/L)

0.96 [0.57, 1.94]

1.19 [0.67, 2.44]

0.77 [0.48, 1.38]

< 0.001

Serum methionine metabolites

SAM (nM)

88.07 [75.04, 110.04]

91.06 [76.90, 111.19]

85.67 [73.62, 108.74]

< 0.001

SAH (nM)

15.70 [11.46, 24.55]

17.74 [12.09, 26.24]

14.50 [10.84, 22.64]

< 0.001

Hcy (μM)

13.06 [11.33, 16.39]

13.61 [11.66, 17.43]

12.51 [10.97, 15.35]

< 0.001

SAM/SAH

5.68 [4.18, 7.20]

5.31 [3.99, 7.01]

6.09 [4.47, 7.42]

< 0.001

Lifestyle

Physical activities (MET/day)

34.05 ± 5.65

33.69 ± 5.55

34.43 ± 5.73

< 0.001

Current smoking

313 (11.12)

164 (11.34)

149 (10.89)

0.704

Current drinking

204 (7.25)

109 (7.54)

95 (6.94)

0.540

Methionine intake (mg/day)

1131.37 ± 283.31

1137.89 ± 290.34

1124.85 ± 276.24

0.223

Folate intake (ng/day)

210.56 ± 83.95

212.12 ± 92.80

208.91 ± 73.44

0.308

Vitamin B12 intake (ng/day)

1.43 ± 1.01

1.45 ± 1.15

1.41 ± 0.85

0.257

History of disease

Hypertension

825 (29.35)

518 (35.85)

307 (22.47)

< 0.001

Diabetes

213 (7.58)

127 (8.79)

86 (6.30)

0.019

Dyslipidemia

1099 (39.05)

647 (44.74)

452 (33.04)

< 0.001

Heart diseases

559 (19.91)

302 (20.91)

257 (18.84)

0.330

  1. Values are shown as mean ± standard deviation, median [25th, 75th percentiles] or frequencies (%)
  2. Statistical analysis was performed using t test, Mann–Whitney U test, chi-square test
  3. NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, BMI body mass index, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, UA uric acid, ALP alkaline phosphatase, hsCRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, SAM S-adenosylmethionine, SAH S-adenosylhomocysteine, Hcy homocysteine, MET metabolic equivalent of task