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Table 1 Characteristics of BODYCON study participants

From: Association between dietary saturated fat with cardiovascular disease risk markers and body composition in healthy adults: findings from the cross-sectional BODYCON study

 

All (n = 409)

Men (n = 190)

Women (n = 219)

p valuea

Outcome measuresb

Age, years

42 ± 16

42 ± 15

42 ± 16

0.93

Weight, kg

70.4 ± 14.0

78.3 ± 12.2

63.5 ± 11.7

< 0.01

Height, m

1.71 ± 0.01

1.78 ± 0.07

1.64 ± 0.07

< 0.01

BMI, kg/m2

23.5 (21.5–23.9)

24.2 (22.7–26.5)

22.5 (20.8–25.4)

0.01

WC, cm

83.8 ± 11.9

89.1 ± 10.3

79.2 ± 11.2

< 0.01

HC, cm

101 ± 9

102 ± 9

100 ± 10

0.04

WHR

0.83 ± 0.08

0.88 ± 0.07

0.79 ± 0.08

< 0.01

WHtR

0.49 ± 0.07

0.50 ± 0.06

0.48 ± 0.07

< 0.01

Blood pressure, mmHg

Systolic

120 ± 14

124 ± 11

117 ± 15

< 0.01

Diastolic

72 ± 9

74 ± 9

70 ± 9

< 0.01

Pulse pressure

48 ± 11

50 ± 10

47 ± 10

< 0.01

Body composition measures

Body fat, %

28.3 ± 8.4

23.7 ± 7.2

32.3 ± 7.4

< 0.01

Fat mass, kg

19.0 (14.3–25.0)

17.8 (12.9–24.9)

19.3 (15.5–25.2)

0.01

Lean mass, kg

48.4 ± 10.5

40.7 ± 5.7

57.2 ± 7.4

< 0.01

Trunk fat mass, kg

10.4 ± 5.0

10.9 ± 5.2

10.0 ± 4.9

0.09

Abdominal VAT, g

393 (178–811)

691 (367–1240)

237 (99–440)

< 0.01

Android fat, %

30.5 ± 12.1

29.1 ± 12.1

31.8 ± 11.8

0.03

Gynoid fat, %

32.2 ± 9.9

24.9 ± 7.0

38.7 ± 7.2

0.01

A/G fat ratio

0.96 ± 0.29

1.13 ± 0.28

0.80 ± 0.21

0.01

Body Composition Indexes

FMI, kg/m2

7.05 ± 2.93

6.10 ± 2.43

7.88 ± 3.09

0.01

LMI, kg/m2

16.4 ± 2.2

18.0 ± 1.7

15.0 ± 1.5

0.01

VAI

1.01 ± 0.68

1.03 ± 0.71

1.00 ± 0.65

0.66

Biochemistry

TC, mmol/L

5.13 ± 1.10

5.05 ± 1.18

5.20 ± 1.02

0.10

TAG, mmol/L

0.83 (0.66–1.16)

0.93 (0.69–1.39)

0.79 (0.64–1.02)

0.01

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.65 ± 0.40

1.51 ± 0.40

1.78 ± 0.36

0.01

LDL-C, mmol/L

3.03 ± 0.93

3.07 ± 1.00

2.99 ± 0.86

0.66

Non-HDL-C, mmol/L

3.48 ± 1.00

3.55 ± 1.07

3.43 ± 0.94

0.34

TC:HDL ratio

3.00 (2.63–3.76)

3.44 (2.78–4.03)

2.81 (2.56–3.29)

0.01

LDL-C:HDL-C ratio

1.76 (1.42–2.30)

2.08 (1.58–2.56)

1.60 (1.35–2.04)

0.01

Glucose, mmol/L

5.03 ± 0.48

5.13 ± 0.51

4.94 ± 0.44

0.01

Insulin, pmol/L

26.4 (17.3–39.9)

27.1 (16.9–42.5)

26.3 (18.2–37.7)

0.69

HOMA-IR

0.98 (0.07–5.30)

1.04 (0.63–1.63)

0.97 (0.62–1.41)

0.41

NEFA, μmol/L

416 (318–546)

388 (310–518)

427 (327–567)

0.01

CRP, mg/L

0.62 (0.29–1.46)

0.63 (0.31–1.43)

0.62 (0.28–1.52)

0.91

GGT, U/L

16.9 (14.0–22.7)

20.5 (16.2–27.5)

15.3 (13.2–19.0)

0.01

Uric acid, µmol/L

280 ± 68

323 ± 59

242 ± 51

0.01

Adiponectin, µg/mL

5.11 (2.48–9.07)

4.19 (2.22–6.02)

6.70 (2.93–11.38)

0.01

25-Hydroxyvitamin D, ng/mL

23.9 ± 11.3

23.4 ± 10.8

24.3 ± 11.7

0.50

  1. A/G fat ratio android to gynoid fat ratio, BMI body mass index, CRP C-reactive protein, F female, FFM fat free mass, FMI fat mass index, GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase, HC hip circumference, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LMI lean mass index, M male, NEFA non-esterified fatty acids, TAG triacylglycerol, TC total cholesterol, VAT visceral adipose tissue, VAI visceral adiposity index, WC waist circumference, WHR waist to hip ratio, WHtR waist to height ratio
  2. aData were analyzed by independent t tests and presented as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range); p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant
  3. bSample sizes differ as follows: Blood pressure n = 406 (M:187/F:219); body composition measures n = 370 (M:174/F:196); biochemistry n = 405 (M:188/F:217); insulin and HOMA-IR n = 272 (M:109/F:163); NEFA n = 362 (M:168/F:194); CRP n = 403 (M:188/F:215), GGT n = 330 (M:135/F:195); UA, adiponectin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, n = 366 (M:172/F:194)
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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