Table 1 Characteristics of the subjects stratified by sex

Age (years)

53.8 ± 7.1

53.6 ± 7.1

53.9 ± 7.1

0.539

BMI (kg/m²)

23.70 ± 2.99

24.18 ± 2.99

23.31 ± 2.93

< 0.001

WC (cm)

79.3 ± 9.0

83.3 ± 8.4

76.0 ± 8.1

< 0.001

WHR

0.87 ± 0.07

0.90 ± 0.06

0.84 ± 0.06

< 0.001

SAT area (cm²)

148.5 (112.9–194.7)

123.2 (98.1–149.8)

178.2 (139.1–221.6)

< 0.001

VAT area (cm²)

69.5 (45.5–107.2)

91.0 (55.1–127.4)

60.4 (43.3–79.6)

< 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

120.5 ± 15.8

123.7 ± 15.4

117.8 ± 15.6

< 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

79.5 ± 9.8

82.4 ± 9.8

77.2 ± 9.2

< 0.001

FPG (mmol/L)

5.12 ± 1.17

5.23 ± 1.41

5.03 ± 0.92

0.003

OGTT-2 h (mmol/L)

6.65 ± 3.30

6.97 ± 3.93

6.38 ± 2.65

0.002

TC (mmol/L)

5.28 ± 1.08

5.13 ± 1.00

5.40 ± 1.13

< 0.001

TG (mmol/L)

1.30 (0.90–1.87)

1.47 (1.00–2.19)

1.20 (0.85–1.70)

< 0.001

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.48 ± 0.36

1.36 ± 0.33

1.58 ± 0.36

< 0.001

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.59 ± 0.67

2.57 ± 0.67

2.61 ± 0.66

0.273

MA (n, %)

667 (48.1%)

357 (57.4)

310 (40.5)

< 0.001