Fig. 4

Effect of HPW on small intestinal barrier indices. A D-lactic acid (D-LA), B DAO and E total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in serum. C SIgA in tissue homogenate. D Contrast diagram showing Occludin, Claudin-1, PCNA and GAPDH protein bands. F–H Analysis of their respective greyscale values. The data are presented as the means ± SEM and were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test (n = 8). The “*” represents the comparison with the model group (water + 5-FU), and “#” represents the comparison with the control group (water + saline). One tag means p < 0.05, two tokens represent p < 0.01, and three are p < 0.001