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Table 2 Associations between study variables, prevalent MetS, high WC and low HDL-c

From: Dietary inflammatory index and metabolic syndrome in US children and adolescents: evidence from NHANES 2001–2018

 

MetS

High WC

Low HDL-c

Univariate analysis

OR (95% CI)

Multivariate analysis

aOR (95% CI)

Univariate analysis

OR (95% CI)

Multivariate analysis

aOR (95% CI)

Univariate analysis

OR (95% CI)

Multivariate analysis

aOR (95% CI)

DII score

 DII Q1

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 DII Q2

1.09 (0.72, 1.64)

1.01 (0.62, 1.63)

1.26 (0.97, 1.63)

0.78 (0.49, 1.26)

1.15 (0.88, 1.49)

1.04 (0.77, 1.40)

 DII Q3

0.98 (0.66, 1.46)

0.80 (0.51, 1.24)

1.77 (1.41, 2.23)

1.41 (0.93, 2.13)

1.19 (0.92, 1.54)

1.02 (0.75, 1.40)

 DII Q4

1.31 (0.93, 1.85)

1.09 (0.73, 1.62)

1.57 (1.23, 2.00)

0.82 (0.47, 1.45)

1.66 (1.26, 2.17)

1.39 (0.94, 2.06)

Demography

 BMI (kg/m2)

1.23 (1.20, 1.25)

1.23 (1.20, 1.26)

1.77 (1.71, 1.84)

1.86 (1.78, 1.94)

1.13 (1.11, 1.15)

1.14 (1.12, 1.16)

Race

 Non-Hispanic White

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Non-Hispanic Black

0.84 (0.57, 1.24)

0.36 (0.23, 0.57)

1.13 (0.93, 1.38)

0.32 (0.23, 0.46)

0.62 (0.49, 0.79)

0.44 (0.34, 0.56)

 Mexican American

1.91 (1.38, 2.65)

1.60 (1.11, 2.32)

1.53 (1.25, 1.87)

0.86 (0.62, 1.20)

1.16 (0.92, 1.45)

0.99 (0.77, 1.27)

 Other

0.88 (0.60, 1.29)

0.97 (0.63, 1.49)

1.01 (0.77, 1.31)

0.82 (0.54, 1.24)

0.91 (0.70, 1.19)

0.94 (0.71, 1.24)

Family income level

 Not poor

Ref

–

Ref

Ref

Ref

–

 Poor

1.26 (0.93, 1.71)

–

1.41 (1.17, 1.69)

1.43 (1.01, 2.03)

1.13 (0.93, 1.37)

–

Lifestyle

 Energy intake (kcal)

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

–

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

 Smoke exposure

 Not exposed

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

–

 Secondhand smoke exposed

1.66 (1.22, 2.24)

1.49 (1.04, 2.13)

1.31 (1.07, 1.61)

0.86 (0.60, 1.24)

1.02 (0.85, 1.23)

–

 Active smoker

1.71 (1.18, 2.48)

1.45 (0.75, 1.75)

1.03 (0.78, 1.36)

0.27 (0.17, 0.44)

1.15 (0.88, 1.50)

–

Sedentary time (hours)

 < 3

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

–

 3–6

2.00 (1.41, 2.84)

1.42 (0.90, 2.23)

1.49 (1.22, 1.82)

1.12 (0.81, 1.54)

1.01 (0.84, 1.21)

–

 > 6

2.72 (1.85, 4.00)

1.43 (0.91, 2.24)

1.87 (1.48, 2.38)

0.87 (0.52, 1.44)

0.99 (0.72, 1.35)

–

Physical activity (MET-min/week)

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

–

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

–

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

–

Physical activity (MET-min/week), categoriesa

 Not ideal

Ref

Ref

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Ideal

0.73 (0.53, 0.99)

0.72 (0.47, 1.10)

0.82 (0.67, 1.00)

 

1.00 (0.84, 1.19)

 
  1. Significant values are shown in bold. Missing values in each variable were excluded from the analyses
  2. DII dietary inflammatory index, FPG fasting plasma glucose, MetS metabolic syndrome, WC waist circumference, HDL-c high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglyceride, BP blood pressure, MET metabolic equivalent of task, Q quartile
  3. aIdeal physical activity: ≥ 180 MET-min/day (i.e., 60 min/day moderate-to-vigorous physical activity); Not ideal physical activity: < 180 MET-min/day
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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