Table 4 The relationship between alcohol consumption and biliary diseases
First author, Year | No. of included studies | Type of study | Dietary factor (subgroup or dose response) | Effects model | MA metric | Estimates | 95%CI | Test for overall effect (p-value) | I2% (p-value) | Egger test (p-value) | Publication bias and small-study effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gallbladder cancer | |||||||||||
Bagnardi [16] | 8 | Case–control(4); Cohort(4) | Alcohol (Light vs. none)c | Random | RR | 1.23 | (0.84 − 1.83) | NA | 18 (NA) | NA | NA |
Bagnardi [16] | 8 | Case–control(4); Cohort(4) | Alcohol (Light vs. none)c | Random | RR | 0.88 | (0.68 − 1.13) | NA | 10 (NA) | NA | NA |
Bagnardi [16] | 8 | Case–control(4); Cohort(4) | Alcohol (Light vs. none)c | Random | RR | 2.64 | (1.62 − 4.30) | NA | 0 (NA) | NA | NA |
Ying Li [50] | 2 | Case–control | Alcohol (drinker vs. non-drinker) | Fixed | OR | 0.7 | 99%CI(0.49–1.00) | 0.009 | 16 (0.27) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies | Cohort | Alcohol (> 0–0.5 vs. 0 drink/d)a | Random | HR | 1.07 | (0.91–1.26) | NA | 0 (NA) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies | Cohort | Alcohol (> 0.5–1 vs. 0 drink/d)a | Random | HR | 1.1 | (0.87–1.39) | NA | 0 (NA) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies | Cohort | Alcohol (1– < 3 vs. 0 drink/d)a | Random | HR | 0.94 | (0.74–1.21) | NA | 0 (NA) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies | Cohort | Alcohol (3– < 5, vs. 0 drink/d)a | Random | HR | 1.16 | (0.69–1.94) | NA | 0 (0.57) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies | Cohort | Alcohol (> 5 vs. 0 drink/d)a | Random | HR | 2.39 | (0.63–9.12) | NA | 64.9 (0.02) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies | Cohort | Alcohol (every 1drink/d increment)a | – | HR | 0.98 | (0.92–1.05) | 0.31 | 12 (NA) | NA | NA |
Biliary tract cancer | |||||||||||
Ying Li [50] | 2(eCCA) | Case–control | Alcohol (drinker vs. non-drinker) | Fixed | OR | 1.14 | 99%CI(0.75–1.75) | 0.41 | 0 (0.81) | NA | NA |
Ying Li [50] | 2(VPC) | Case–control | Alcohol (drinker vs. non-drinker) | Random | OR | 0.68 | 99%CI(0.20–2.37) | 0.43 | 77 (0.04) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies(iCCA) | Cohort | Alcohol (> 0–0.5 vs. 0 drink/d)a | Random | HR | 0.79 | (0.62–1.00) | NA | 0 (NA) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies(iCCA) | Cohort | Alcohol (> 0.5–1 vs. 0 drink/d)a | Random | HR | 0.91 | (0.65–1.26) | NA | 0 (NA) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies(iCCA) | Cohort | Alcohol (1– < 3 vs. 0 drink/d)a | Random | HR | 0.98 | (0.73–1.31) | NA | 0 (NA) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies(iCCA) | Cohort | Alcohol (3– < 5, vs. 0 drink/d)a | Random | HR | 1.25 | (0.77–2.02) | NA | 8.5 (0.37) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies(iCCA) | Cohort | Alcohol (> 5 vs. 0 drink/d)a | Random | HR | 2.35 | (1.46–3.78) | NA | 0 (0.52) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies(iCCA) | Cohort | Alcohol (every 1drink/d increment)a | – | HR | 1.03 | (1.01–1.06) | 0.04 | 0 (NA) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies(eCCA) | Cohort | Alcohol (> 0–0.5 vs. 0 drink/d)a | Random | HR | 0.87 | (0.68–1.12) | NA | 30.8 (NA) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies(eCCA) | Cohort | Alcohol (> 0.5–1 vs. 0 drink/d)a | Random | HR | 1.14 | (0.82–1.58) | NA | 28.4 (NA) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies(eCCA) | Cohort | Alcohol (1– < 3 vs. 0 drink/d)a | Random | HR | 1.08 | (0.74–1.58) | NA | 48.3 (NA) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies(eCCA) | Cohort | Alcohol (3– < 5, vs. 0 drink/d)a | Random | HR | 1.82 | (0.98–3.39) | NA | 57.2 (0.01) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies(eCCA) | Cohort | Alcohol (> 5 vs. 0 drink/d)a | Random | HR | 1.02 | (0.64–1.62) | NA | 0 (0.84) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies(eCCA) | Cohort | Alcohol (every 1drink/d increment)a | – | HR | 1.03 | (0.98–1.08) | 0.84 | 25.3 (NA) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies(VPC) | Cohort | Alcohol (> 0–0.5 vs. 0 drink/d)a | Random | HR | 1.08 | (0.80–1.45) | NA | 13.7 (NA) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies(VPC) | Cohort | Alcohol (> 0.5–1 vs. 0 drink/d)a | Random | HR | 0.99 | (0.69–1.41) | NA | 0 (NA) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies(VPC) | Cohort | Alcohol (1– < 3 vs. 0 drink/d)a | Random | HR | 1.33 | (0.99–1.80) | NA | 0 (NA) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies(VPC) | Cohort | Alcohol (3– < 5, vs. 0 drink/d)a | Random | HR | 1.16 | (0.66–2.01) | NA | 0 (0.93) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies(VPC) | Cohort | Alcohol (> 5 vs. 0 drink/d)a | Random | HR | 1.59 | (0.85–2.98) | NA | 0 (0.73) | NA | NA |
Emma E. McGee [35] | Total 26 studies(VPC) | Cohort | Alcohol (every 1drink/d increment)a | – | HR | 1.00 | (0.95–1.04) | 0.35 | 0 (NA) | NA | NA |
Xiao-Hua Ye [51] | 7(eCCA) | Total case–control(6);Cohort(1) | Alcohol (drinker vs. non-drinker) | Random | RR | 1.09 | (0.87–1.37) | NA | 0 (0.575) | 0.296 | No publication bias |
Xiao-Hua Ye [51]# | 6(eCCA) | Case–control(6) | Alcohol (drinker vs. non-drinker) | Random | RR | 1.10 | (0.86–1.41) | NA | 0 (0.447) | 0.296 | No publication bias |
Xiao-Hua Ye [51]# | 1(eCCA) | Cohort(1) | Alcohol (drinker vs. non-drinker) | Random | RR | 1.06 | (0.60–1.87) | NA | – | 0.296 | No publication bias |
Clements [1] | 15(iCCA) | Case–control | Alcohol (drinker vs. non-drinker) | Random | OR | 3.15 | (2.24–4.41) | NA | 87 (NA) | Only funnel plot (N) | No publication bias |
Clements [1] | 11(eCCA) | Case–control | Alcohol (drinker vs. non-drinker) | Random | OR | 1.75 | (1.20–2.55) | NA | 87 (NA) | Only funnel plot (N) | No publication bias |
Cholecystolithiasis/gallbladder diease | |||||||||||
Jiantao Wang [52] | 18 | Total case–control(10);Cohort(8) | Alcohol (highest vs. lowest) | Random | RR | 0.62 | (0.49–0.78) | NA | 94.6 (0.000) | 0.836 | No publication bias |
Jiantao Wang [52]# | 10 | Case–control(10) | Alcohol (highest vs. lowest) | Random | RR | 0.58 | (0.45–0.73) | NA | 37.8 (0.107) | 0.836 | No publication bias |
Jiantao Wang [52]# | 8 | Cohort(8) | Alcohol (highest vs. lowest) | Random | RR | 0.66 | (0.48–0.91) | NA | 96.8 (0.000) | 0.836 | No publication bias |
Jiantao Wang [52] | 3 | Case–control(1);Cohort(2) | Alcohol (types of drink beer highest vs. lowest)b | Random | RR | 0.64 | (0.52–0.78) | NA | 0 (0.368) | 0.836 | No publication bias |
Jiantao Wang [52] | 3 | Case–control(1);Cohort(2) | Alcohol (types of drink wine highest vs. lowest)b | Random | RR | 0.72 | (0.54–0.96) | NA | 44.1 (0.167) | 0.836 | No publication bias |
Jiantao Wang [52] | 2 | Cohort(2) | Alcohol (types of drink liquor highest vs. lowest)b | Random | RR | 0.71 | (0.64–0.85) | NA | 1 (0.421) | 0.836 | No publication bias |
Byung [27] | 23 | Case–control(14);Cohort(9) | Alcohol (drinker vs. non-drinker) | Random | RR | 0.84 | (0.79–0.89) | NA | 61 (< 0.01) | 0.009 | Exist publication bias |
Byung [27] | 11 | Total case–control(5);Cohort(6) | Alcohol (Light vs. none)d | Random | RR | 0.96 | (0.94–0.99) | NA | 0 (0.75) | 0.383 | No publication bias |
Byung [27]# | 5 | Case–control | Alcohol (Light vs. none)d | Random | RR | 0.98 | (0.95–1.01) | NA | 0 (0.99) | 0.383 | No publication bias |
Byung [27]# | 6 | Cohort | Alcohol (Light vs. none)d | Random | RR | 0.94 | (0.89–0.98) | NA | 0 (0.51) | 0.383 | No publication bias |
Byung [27] | 14 | Total case–control(8);Cohort(6) | Alcohol (Moderate vs. none)d | Random | RR | 0.80 | (0.75–0.85) | NA | 17 (0.27) | 0.523 | No publication bias |
Byung [27]# | 8 | Case–control | Alcohol (Moderate vs. none)d | Random | RR | 0.76 | (0.72–0.80) | NA | 0 (0.70) | 0.523 | No publication bias |
Byung [27]# | 6 | Cohort | Alcohol (Moderate vs. none)d | Random | RR | 0.85 | (0.80–0.91) | NA | 0 (0.57) | 0.523 | No publication bias |
Byung [27] | 14 | Total case–control(8);Cohort(6) | Alcohol (Heavy vs. none)d | Random | RR | 0.66 | (0.56–0.79) | NA | 61 (< 0.01) | 0.602 | No publication bias |
Byung [27]# | 8 | Case–control | Alcohol (Heavy vs. none)d | Random | RR | 0.58 | (0.40–0.85) | NA | 54 (0.03) | 0.602 | No publication bias |
Byung [27]# | 6 | Cohort | Alcohol (Heavy vs. none)d | Random | RR | 0.73 | (0.68–0.79) | NA | 0 (0.61) | 0.602 | No publication bias |