Fig. 3

Birth outcomes associated with per 3% increase in energy from major dietary protein sources during pregnancy. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs. Models were adjusted for total energy intake, socio-demographic characteristics (including geographic area, residence, childbearing age, education, occupation, household wealth index, and parity), health-related characteristics (including passive smoking, alcohol drinking, antenatal check visit frequency, folate/iron supplements use, anemia, and medication use), principal component score based on the nutrient intakes, and mutually adjusted for other major dietary protein sources. Models for low birth weight were additionally adjusted for offspring sex and gestational age. The black boxes represent ORs, with the size inversely proportional to the variance of the logarithm of the OR, and the horizontal lines represent 95% CIs