Fig. 2From: Associations of visceral adipose tissue with bone mineral density and fracture: observational and Mendelian randomization studiesAssociation of VAT^ with heel BMD using restricted cubic splines. Betas are indicated by solid lines and 95% CIs by shaded areas. The reference point was the median of VAT^ in men (1.65Â kg) and women (0.70Â kg), separately, with knots placed at the 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th centiles of each VAT^ distribution. All models were adjusted for age, household income, lean mass, standing height, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, calcium supplement use, vitamin D supplement use, overall health rating, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and for women, menopausal status and use of hormone replacement therapy. VAT^ predicted values of VAT (visceral adipose tissue) mass; BMD bone mineral density; and CI confidence intervalBack to article page