Associations of visceral adipose tissue with bone mineral density and fracture: observational and Mendelian randomization studies

Table 4 MR estimates of the causal effects of VAT^ on BMDs

Method	FN-BMD		LS-BMD		FA-BMD
Method	Beta ± SE	P	Beta ± SE	P	Beta ± SE	P
MR Egger	0.029 ± 0.170	0.86	− 0.105 ± 0.196	0.59	0.271 ± 0.286	0.34
Weighted median	− 0.030 ± 0.049	0.53	− 0.039 ± 0.058	0.50	0.117 ± 0.098	0.24
Inverse variance weighted	− 0.045 ± 0.042	0.29	− 0.062 ± 0.048	0.20	0.023 ± 0.071	0.75
Simple mode	0.108 ± 0.153	0.48	0.000 ± 0.186	1.00	0.213 ± 0.314	0.50
Weighted mode	− 0.067 ± 0.144	0.64	− 0.019 ± 0.181	0.92	0.213 ± 0.302	0.48

MR mendelian randomization; VAT^ predicted values of VAT (visceral adipose tissue) mass; BMD bone mineral density; FN-BMD femoral neck BMD; LS-BMD lumbar spine BMD; FA-BMD forearm BMD; SE standard error

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