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Table 3 Effects of exogenous DHA-rich n-3 PUFAs supplementation during the pregnancy on the profiles of PUFAs in the colostrum

From: Maternal DHA-rich n-3 PUFAs supplementation interacts with FADS genotypes to influence the profiles of PUFAs in the colostrum among Chinese Han population: a birth cohort study

Indicators

Exogenous DHA-rich n-3 PUFAs supplementation groups (n = 434)

Control group (n = 616)

P&

S1 group (n = 172)

S2 group (n = 197)

S3 group (n = 65)

∑SFAs

37.83 ± 4.92

38.33 ± 5.24

39.14 ± 3.99

39.08 ± 5.41

0.451

 C12:0

4.66 ± 2.89

4.92 ± 2.88

5.70 ± 2.53

6.11 ± 3.87

0.110

 C14:0

4.46 ± 1.68

4.67 ± 1.57

4.57 ± 1.53

4.57 ± 1.68

0.932

 C16:0

23.37 ± 2.30

23.32 ± 2.34

23.46 ± 1.31

22.96 ± 2.09

0.470

 C18:0

5.34 ± 0.77

5.41 ± 0.79

5.39 ± 0.67

5.44 ± 0.91

0.911

∑MUFAs

38.51 ± 6.79

37.83 ± 8.29

39.02 ± 3.06

37.34 ± 3.92

0.679

 C16:1

2.30 ± 0.69

2.38 ± 0.59

2.41 ± 0.61

2.24 ± 0.67

0.477

 C18:1

36.21 ± 6.91

36.81 ± 4.51

36.61 ± 2.75

35.77 ± 6.30

0.705

n-6 PUFAs

22.05 ± 6.29

22.33 ± 5.62

20.18 ± 2.64

22.38 ± 6.80

0.325

 C18:2n-6 (LA)

21.02 ± 6.79

21.25 ± 6.05

19.00 ± 2.76

21.05 ± 6.73

0.644

 C20:4n-6 (AA)

0.65 ± 0.15*#

0.69 ± 0.16*#

0.76 ± 0.15

0.82 ± 0.11

0.047

AA/LA

0.031 ± 0.0091*#

0.032 ± 0.0068*#

0.040 ± 0.0080

0.039 ± 0.0059

0.046

n-3 PUFAs

1.98 ± 0.18*#

1.95 ± 0.17*#

1.63 ± 0.13

1.69 ± 0.17

0.021

 C18:3n-3 (ALA)

0.23 ± 0.042

0.25 ± 0.069

0.23 ± 0.036

0.23 ± 0.052

0.748

 C20:5n-3 (EPA)

1.31 ± 0.20*#

1.31 ± 0.18*#

1.13 ± 0.14

1.12 ± 0.16

0.045

 C22:6n-3 (DHA)

0.44 ± 0.031*#

0.39 ± 0.021*#

0.27 ± 0.041

0.34 ± 0.041

0.004

EPA/ALA

5.70 ± 1.09

5.24 ± 0.81

4.91 ± 0.74

4.87 ± 1.51

0.107

DHA/ALA

1.91 ± 0.19*#

1.56 ± 0.14*#

1.17 ± 0.16

1.27 ± 0.10

0.007

DHA/EPA

0.34 ± 0.051*#

0.30 ± 0.045*#

0.24 ± 0.081

0.25 ± 0.091

0.014

n-6/n-3 ∑PUFAs

11.14 ± 1.71*#

11.45 ± 2.01*#

12.38 ± 1.31

12.25 ± 2.01

0.024

  1. PUFAs Polyunsaturated fatty acids, LA Linoleic acid, ALA α-Linolenic acid, AA Arachidonic acid, EPA Eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA Docosahexaenoic acid
  2. *Compared with the control group, P < 0.05
  3. #Compared with the S3 group, P < 0.05
  4. &Data was analyzed by ANOVA (q test) among all these four groups. S1 group: exogenous DHA-rich n-3 PUFAs supplementation at the early pregnancy (0–12 week), S2 group: exogenous DHA-rich n-3 PUFAs supplementation at the middle pregnancy (13–27 week), S3 group: exogenous DHA-rich n-3 PUFAs supplementation at the late pregnancy (> 27 week), Control group: non-exogenous DHA-rich n-3 PUFAs supplementation during the whole pregnancy