C-peptide | Case/Sample | Model 1a: OR (95% CI) | Model 2b: OR (95% CI) |
|---|
Quartile 1 | 49/215 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Quartile 2 | 58/224 | 1.12 (0.71, 1.76) | 1.06 (0.66, 1.69) |
Quartile 3 | 83/249 | 1.76 (1.15, 2.67) | 1.52 (0.97, 2.36) |
Quartile 4 | 142/308 | 3.06 (2.03, 4.61) | 2.28 (1.43, 3.62) |
Per 1 log ng/mL | 332/996 | 3.21 (2.25, 4.58) | 2.64 (1.76, 3.96) |
Per 1 SD ng/mL | 332/996 | 1.45 (1.27, 1.66) | 1.33 (1.16, 1.54) |
P for trendc | 332/996 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
- CI confidence interval, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, OR odds ratio, SD standard deviation
- aAdjusted for maternal age (continuous, years), gestational age (continuous, weeks), and education level (≤ 12 years and > 12 years)
- bAdjusted for smoking status (never, former, and current), alcohol consumption (never, former, and current), physical activity (continuous, MET-h∙week-1), pre-pregnancy BMI (continuous, kg/m2), parental history of diabetes (yes and no), history of gestational diabetes (yes and no), parity (0 and ≥ 1), and variables adjusted for in Model 1
- cLinear trend was estimated by replacing the values of C-peptide by the median value of each quartile, and modeling C-peptide as continuous variable in Model 2
